Immunology LAB

ANA

anti nuclear antibody

ENA

extractable nuclear antigen

RF

rheumatoid factor

RF serotype

IgM mainly, IgG, IgA sometimes

what % of RA patients have RF?

90%

apart from RA, what condition is RF seen in?

Sjorgens, Lupus, polymyositis, chronic infections

2 ways of detecting RF

ELISA on Cobas,, Latex agglutination

what is the substrate for ANAs

Hep-2 cells

what group of autoimmune disorders is ANA used for

connective tissue diseases

indirect IF

ANA, ANCA

ANA homogenous, specificity, seen in:

anti-DNA,histone,DNP, / RA, SE

ANA speckled spec and seen in

anti- Sm, Ro, La, Scl-70, / SLE, SS, PM

ANA centromere spec and seen in

anti-centromere, PSS(CREST)

ANA nucleolar

anti-nucleolar / SLE, PSS

c-ANCA, against, seen in

proteinase 3 / microscopic polyangiitis

c-ANCA against, seen in

myeloperoxidase / granulomatosis with polyangiitis 

Multiple Myeloma is a malignancy of the..

bone (plasma cells that arise in BM)

Waldenstroms macroglobulinaemia affects what?

IgM-secreting B cell (has not undergone class switching so early stage of B cell maturation than MM)

what class of Ig is usually secreted in MM

IgG, IgA

2 types of light chains in antibody?

kappa and lambda

why are light chains of Ig found in urine in MM

malignant cells synthesis more light than heavy chains

technique name

serum protein electrophoresis (SPE)

what analyser is SPE done on

Capillarys3 TERA

1. healthy control

2. polyclonal band: hypergammaglobulinaemia - infx

3. no gamma globulin band - XLA

4. Monoclonal gammopathy- MM

analyser for IFE

SEBIA Hyrdrasys IFE system

1. healthy control

2. polyclonal band: hypergammaglobulinaemia - infx

3. no gamma globulin band - XLA

   1. Monoclonal gammopathy- MM

daratumumab spec and structure

anti-CD38

IgG kappa

ofatumumab spec and use

anti-CD20

Waldenstroms macroglobulinaemia

indatuximab

anti-CD138

chimerised mAb

tabalumab

IgG4 mAb

binds and neutralises BAFF: B cell activating factor

talquetemab

bispecific Ab

binds GPRC5D on MM cells and CD3 

Dara MOA

binds CD38 on plasma cells

induced cell dependent complement

induces ADCC

induced ADCP

cross linking and apoptosis