nephron anatomy and physiology

Function of the kidneys

Filter blood and produce urine

What fluid is produced in the kidneys

Urea, water, other waste

Three components of urine

Water, urea, waste products

How much urine do your kidneys make a day

2 liters

When dehydrated, do you produce more urine?

No, because there is no water to make urine

What are the tiny tubes inside the kidneys called

Nephrons

How many nephrons does a kidney have

One million nephrons

What do the nephrons do

Filter blood

Why are nephrons referred to as the functional units of your kidneys

They are the smallest functional part of a kidney

What is filtrate and where is it produced

Filtrate is volume removed from the blood in the bowman’s capsule

Difference between renal vein and renal artery

Renal artery brings unfiltered blood, renal vein removes filtered blood from the nephron to body

After the nephron, where does urine go

The ureters

What causes filtration

Extreme pressure put on the blood from the narrow walls of the glomerulus

What substance do you keep during filtration

Blood cells and proteins too large to enter walls of bowman’s capsule

What percent of plasma is filtered out during filtration

Twenty percent

Reabsorption

Occurs in renal tubule after bowman’s capsule, body keep some needed filtrate.

How much do you take back during reabsorption

Ninety percent

When does reabsorption occur in the distal convoluted tube

Reabsorption occurs always in the proximal convoluted tube and loop of henle, but only happens in distal convoluted tube when ADH is present

What does ADH do

Makes the walls of the distal convoluted tube permeable

Secretion

Occurs in entire renal tubule, second chance for your body to remove waste

Where is filtrate officially urine

In the distal convoluted tube