industrial revolution

Industrial Revolution

A transformative period from the late 18th century to the mid-19th century marking the shift from agrarian economies to industrialized and urban ones.

Technological Innovations

Introduction of machinery in production processes, such as the steam engine, spinning jenny, and power loom.

Economic Changes

Rise of the factory system leading to increased production efficiency and growth of capital investment.

Urbanization

Massive movement of people from rural areas to cities in search of jobs, leading to growth of urban centers.

Social Impact

Changes in labor dynamics, including the rise of wage labor and labor rights movements, and emergence of a new social class structure.

Environmental Effects

Increased pollution and environmental degradation in urban areas, and changes in land use affecting agriculture.

Textile Industry Revolution

Began with innovations in spinning and weaving, essential for mass clothing production.

Transportation Revolution

Development of railways and steamships that transformed trade and mobility.

Labor Movements

Rise of unions and workers' rights as individuals organized for better working conditions and wages.

James Watt

Improved the steam engine, making it more efficient, crucial for industrialization.

Adam Smith

Economist known for 'The Wealth of Nations', advocating for free market principles.

Karl Marx

Philosopher known for his critique of capitalism, emphasizing class struggle.