History of Puritanism

Where was the holy roman empire located?

Modern day Germany

What did each state have?

its own prince

Who was the ruler of the holy roman empire?

Charles V ( Catholic)

Headquarters for the Catholic Church?

Rome

What was so corrupt about the church?

Church and Clergy did not pay taxes, held a monopoly on information/education and owned lots of land

What is the power of the pope?

Head of the catholic church, occupies God's position on earth, infallible

Who was at the height of papal corruption?

Pope Leo X (1513-1521) --> wasted money so he sold indulgences and church offices

Prior to Reformation, all Christians were __________.

Roman Catholic

The Reformation was an attempt to....

REFORM the Catholic Church

What did Martin Luther strive to do?

get rid of the corruption and restore people's faith in the church (not start a separate church)

Who is Martin Luther?

A german monk who moved to Wittenberg, Germany in 1511; very troubled by the sale of indulgences, leader of Reformation

What were Martin Luther's two main problems with the Catholic Church?

Indulgences and justification (justification through faith alone, not faith and good works)

What did Luther believe ultimate authority was?

BIBLE, not pope or clergy

How many of the 7 sacraments can be found in the Bible?

2; Baptism and Holy Communion

What is an indulgence?

A papal pardon for sins

- lessening of time the soul would have to spend in the purgatory

According to Luther, indulgences had...

no basis in the Bible and the Pope had no authority to release souls from purgatory

What did Martin Luther do in Wittenberg Germany, 1517?

Posted his 95 Theses on the door of the castle church, intending to reform the catholic church

How did Martin Luther's beliefs spread so quickly?

Gutenberg's Printing Press

What was the reaction to Luther's 95 Theses?

Gained support from millions of people, including some princes. Gained criticism from the church.

How did the church respond to Luther?

Pope Leo X issued a Papal Bull of excommunication, ordering Luther to take back his teachings.

Who summoned Martin Luther in 1521?

Charles V summoned Luther to a diet in the city of Worms

- Asked him to recant his statement, he would not so Charles V issued a Edict of worms

What is a Papal Bull?

Official document issued by the Pope

What is a diet?

assembly or meeting of German princes

What did Luther do to the Papal Bull?

Burned it

What is the edict of worms?

Punishment on Martin Luther enacted by emperor Charles V that outlawed Luther and made helping him a crime

What is vernacular?

The translation of religious documents into new languages

What did Luther translate the New Testament to?

German

What name did Lutherans start using?

"Protestant", for those who protested papal authority

What did the Peace of Augsburg (1555) do?

recognized Lutheranism as a legal religion, a prince could DECIDE if his realm was Lutheran or Catholic

Who was John Calvin?

founder of predestination; idea that God decided at the beginning of time who would go to heaven after death and who would not

What did Calvin establish?

set up a theocracy in Geneva, Switzerland in 1536

Henry VII

king of England, opposed Luther's beliefs, reformer due to circumstance not personal beliefs

Why did Henry VII establish the Church of England?

DIVORCE; Marriage to Catherine of Aragon did not produce male heir only a girl

Henry asked the Pope for an annulment so he could marry someone who could give him a male heir

The Pope denied his request

What is the Reformation Parliament?

parliament called by Henry 8 which ended pope's power in england

What is a Convocation?

A legislative assembly representing the English clergy

Henry becomes head of Church of __________.

England

Act of Succession and Supremacy

The Act of Succession in the same year made Anne Boleyn's children legitimate heirs to the throne and the

Act of Supremacy declared Henry "the only supreme head on earth of the Church of England

1538, England _______ all monasteries and convents

dissolved (act of dissolution)

6 Wives of Henry VIII

Catherine of Aragon, Anne Boleyn, Jane Seymour, Anne of Cleves, Catherine Howard, Catherine Parr

What did Henry threaten if he found any clergy marrying?

threatened any clergy who were caught twice in concubinage with execution.

Henry stayed very ______ with his religious beliefs

conservative (maintaining Catholic doctrine in a country filled with Protestant sentiments)

What were the Six Articles?

articles published because Henry was angry with the growing Protestant supporters

Edward VI

Henry VIII's son and successor when he died, 10 yrs old

Mary I

Henry and Catherine's daughter, became succeeded Edward on throne when he died, restored Catholic doctrine/practice in England

Elizabeth I

Anne boleyn's daughter, she merged a centralized Episcopal system, with broadly defined Protestant doctrine and traditional Catholic ritual.

What did the Act of Supremacy in 1559 do?

repealed all the anti-Protestant legislation of Mary Tudor and asserted Elizabeth's right as "supreme governor" over both spiritual and temporal affairs.

What did Act of Uniformity mandate?

a revised version of the second Book of Common Prayer for every English parish

What did the Thirty-Nice Articles do?

made a moderate Protestantism the official religion within the Church of England

What are the Branches of Christianity?

1) Roman Catholicism

2) Eastern Orthodox

3) Protestant

- Lutheran (Martin Luther)

- Anglican (Henry VIII)

- Calvinist --> PURITANS (John Calvin)

Results of the Reformation?

reformers like Luther established their own non-Catholic traditions

- The Reformation caused a permanent split (SCHISM) in Christianity with the formation of new Protestant faiths