Steroid Hormones

chemical precursor for all steriod hormones

cholesterol

hormones travel in the ____ to the _____

blood, body

hormones can be grouped into different groups based on the _____ they bind

receptors

steroid hormones have a different ____ ____, but the same ring structure 

side chain

groups of receptors

glucocorticoids, mineralcorticoids, androgens, estrogens, progesterones, and vitamin D3

glucocorticoid

cortisol

mineralcorticoid

aldosterone

androgen

testosterone

estrogen 

estradiol

progesterone

progesterone

steroid hormones are lipids which are ____ soluble, and can pass freely by ______ through biological membranes and enter cells without the need for a transporter

fat; diffusion

what proteins bind and facilitate the circulation of lipid like (hydrophobic) hormones?

plasma proteins

what type of hormone is the one that is active

the unbound or free hormone

genomic pathway is 

slow

nongenomic pathway is

faster, and is for peptide like hormones

what types of properties do steroid hormones have

lipid and hydrophobic

because of the steroid hormone properties, in the blood what do they need in order to travel?

carrier proteins! (plasma proteins)

example of carrier protein in the blood

sex hormone binding globulin or corticosteroid-hormone binding globulin

nuclear response element sequences are 

palindromes

nuclear receptors mediate genomic actions with how long of time frames?

hours to days

what type of receptor is needed to activate intracellular signaling pathways to bring about nongenomic actions of steroid hormones?

membrane- associated receptors

glucocorticoids are synthesized in the 

adrenal cortex

nuclear mechanism of glucocorticocoids

genomic pathway - slow!

increase of cortisol causes

• loss of muscle, accumulation of lipids

• thin skin, more likely for injury

• blocks inflammatory response

• blocks macrophages and t cell activation

glucocorticoids may be used in

low doses in the adrenal cortex

glucoticocortoids are used to

• suppress various allergic, inflammatory, and autoimmune disorders

• inhaled glucorticocoids are the second line treatment for asthma

glucocorticocoids can also be administered as

post transplant immunosuppressants to prevent acute transplant rejection and the graft-verus-host disease

genomic pathway represents

classical actions and mediate changes in transcription via nuclear receptor and hormone complnex

non genomic pathways involve

changes in cell surface receptors, transporters or ion channels, which changes cell function 

Nongenomic actions can trigger

a number of intracellular signaling events, and secondarily lead to changes in gene expression