MRB 2022 Medical Science Review

Comprehensive flashcards covering Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry, Pathology, Pharmacology, and clinical specialties from the MRB 2022 transcript.

What condition is caused by radial nerve palsy?

Wrist drop

Winging of scapula is due to damage of which nerve?

Long thoracic nerve of Bell

What are the contents of the anatomical snuff box?

Radial artery

Which nerve supplies the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue?

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

What is the equilibrium potential for Sodium (Na+)?

+60 mV

Which cellular organelle is marked by the enzyme Acid Phosphatase?

Lysosome

What is the Wolff-Chaikoff effect?

Iodine-dependent transient suppression of the thyroid

Which blood vessels are known as the resistance vessels?

Arterioles

What are the components of Trotter’s triad in nasopharyngeal carcinoma?

Conductive deafness, ipsilateral trigeminal neuralgia, and palatal palsy

Which organism is the causative agent for Atrophic Rhinitis?

Klebsiella ozaenae

What is the antidote for Benzodiazepine overdose?

Flumazenil

Which poison is associated with a 'Bitter Almonds' odor in urine?

Cyanide

What type of cataract is associated with Wilson's disease?

Sunflower cataract

What is the hallmark of Munchausen syndrome?

Stimulated or false diseases for the purpose of obtaining medical attention

What diagnostic finding is pathognomonic for chronic osteomyelitis?

Sequestrum (avascular piece of bone)

Which maneuver is used to obstruct the esophagus and prevent aspiration during anesthesia?

Sellick’s maneuver (cricoid pressure)

What is the First Rank Symptom of Schizophrenia according to Kurt Schneider?

3rd person auditory hallucinations

What is the mechanism of action of Omalizumab?

Monoclonal antibody against IgE used in bronchial asthma

Which chromosome is associated with the Philadelphia chromosome in CML?

Translocation t(9;22)

What is the earliest indicator of response after starting iron therapy for anemia?

Increased reticulocyte count

What is the drug of choice for acute mania prophylaxis?

Lithium

Which condition is characterized by the presence of Bence Jones proteins?

Multiple Myeloma

What is the leading cause of death in children under 5 years of age according to the notes?

Respiratory infection

What are the components of Beck's Triad for cardiac tamponade?

Hypotension, raised JVP, and absent/muffled heart sounds

What term describes the perception of the first fetal movement by the mother?

Quickening

What condition is caused by radial nerve palsy?

Wrist drop

Winging of scapula is due to damage of which nerve?

Long thoracic nerve of Bell

What are the contents of the anatomical snuff box?

Radial artery

Which nerve supplies the posterior \frac{1}{3} of the tongue?

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

What is the equilibrium potential for Sodium (Na+)?

+60\text{ mV}

Which cellular organelle is marked by the enzyme Acid Phosphatase?

Lysosome

What is the Wolff-Chaikoff effect?

Iodine-dependent transient suppression of the thyroid

Which blood vessels are known as the resistance vessels?

Arterioles

What are the components of Trotter's triad in nasopharyngeal carcinoma?

Conductive deafness, ipsilateral trigeminal neuralgia, and palatal palsy

Which organism is the causative agent for Atrophic Rhinitis?

Klebsiella ozaenae

What is the antidote for Benzodiazepine overdose?

Flumazenil

Which poison is associated with a 'Bitter Almonds' odor in urine?

Cyanide

What type of cataract is associated with Wilson's disease?

Sunflower cataract

What is the hallmark of Munchausen syndrome?

Stimulated or false diseases for the purpose of obtaining medical attention

What diagnostic finding is pathognomonic for chronic osteomyelitis?

Sequestrum (avascular piece of bone)

Which maneuver is used to obstruct the esophagus and prevent aspiration during anesthesia?

Sellick's maneuver (cricoid pressure)

What is the First Rank Symptom of Schizophrenia according to Kurt Schneider?

3^{rd} person auditory hallucinations

What is the mechanism of action of Omalizumab?

Monoclonal antibody against IgE used in bronchial asthma

Which chromosome is associated with the Philadelphia chromosome in CML?

Translocation t(9;22)

What is the earliest indicator of response after starting iron therapy for anemia?

Increased reticulocyte count

What is the drug of choice for acute mania prophylaxis?

Lithium

Which condition is characterized by the presence of Bence Jones proteins?

Multiple Myeloma

What is the leading cause of death in children under 5 years of age according to the notes?

Respiratory infection

What are the components of Beck's Triad for cardiac tamponade?

Hypotension, raised JVP, and absent/muffled heart sounds

What term describes the perception of the first fetal movement by the mother?

Quickening

What is the hallmark of Horner's syndrome?

Ptosis, miosis, and anhidrosis

What are the components of Virchow's triad for venous thrombosis?

Endothelial injury, stasis, and hypercoagulability

Which nerve is typically compressed in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?

Median nerve

What medication is the gold standard drug of choice for Anaphylactic shock?

Epinephrine (Adrenaline)

What are the components of Charcot's triad for acute cholangitis?

Fever, jaundice, and right upper quadrant (RUQ) pain

What are Koplik spots pathognomonic for?

Measles (Rubeola)

Which antibody is the first to be produced in response to an acute infection?

IgM

What is the classic physical exam finding for Infantile Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis?

Olive-shaped mass in the epigastrium

What are the components of Whipple's Triad for insulinoma?

Symptoms of hypoglycemia, low blood glucose levels, and relief of symptoms after glucose administration

Which sign is characterized by irritability of the facial nerve when tapped, seen in hypocalcemia?

Chvostek's sign

What condition is caused by radial nerve palsy?

Wrist drop

Winging of scapula is due to damage of which nerve?

Long thoracic nerve of Bell

What are the contents of the anatomical snuff box?

Radial artery

Which nerve supplies the posterior \frac{1}{3} of the tongue?

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

What is the equilibrium potential for Sodium (Na+)?

+60\text{ mV}

Which cellular organelle is marked by the enzyme Acid Phosphatase?

Lysosome

What is the Wolff-Chaikoff effect?

Iodine-dependent transient suppression of the thyroid

Which blood vessels are known as the resistance vessels?

Arterioles

What are the components of Trotter’s triad in nasopharyngeal carcinoma?

Conductive deafness, ipsilateral trigeminal neuralgia, and palatal palsy

Which organism is the causative agent for Atrophic Rhinitis?

Klebsiella ozaenae

What is the antidote for Benzodiazepine overdose?

Flumazenil

Which poison is associated with a 'Bitter Almonds' odor in urine?

Cyanide

What type of cataract is associated with Wilson's disease?

Sunflower cataract

What is the hallmark of Munchausen syndrome?

Stimulated or false diseases for the purpose of obtaining medical attention

What diagnostic finding is pathognomonic for chronic osteomyelitis?

Sequestrum (avascular piece of bone)

Which maneuver is used to obstruct the esophagus and prevent aspiration during anesthesia?

Sellick’s maneuver (cricoid pressure)

What is the First Rank Symptom of Schizophrenia according to Kurt Schneider?

3^{rd} person auditory hallucinations

What is the mechanism of action of Omalizumab?

Monoclonal antibody against IgE used in bronchial asthma

Which chromosome is associated with the Philadelphia chromosome in CML?

Translocation t(9;22)

What is the earliest indicator of response after starting iron therapy for anemia?

Increased reticulocyte count

What is the drug of choice for acute mania prophylaxis?

Lithium

Which condition is characterized by the presence of Bence Jones proteins?

Multiple Myeloma

What is the leading cause of death in children under 5 years of age according to the notes?

Respiratory infection

What are the components of Beck's Triad for cardiac tamponade?

Hypotension, raised JVP, and absent/muffled heart sounds

What term describes the perception of the first fetal movement by the mother?

Quickening

What is the hallmark of Horner's syndrome?

Ptosis, miosis, and anhidrosis

What are the components of Virchow's triad for venous thrombosis?

Endothelial injury, stasis, and hypercoagulability

Which nerve is typically compressed in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?

Median nerve

What medication is the gold standard drug of choice for Anaphylactic shock?

Epinephrine (Adrenaline)

What are the components of Charcot's triad for acute cholangitis?

Fever, jaundice, and right upper quadrant (RUQ) pain

What are Koplik spots pathognomonic for?

Measles (Rubeola)

Which antibody is the first to be produced in response to an acute infection?

IgM

What is the classic physical exam finding for Infantile Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis?

Olive-shaped mass in the epigastrium

What are the components of Whipple's Triad for insulinoma?

Symptoms of hypoglycemia, low blood glucose levels, and relief of symptoms after glucose administration

Which sign is characterized by irritability of the facial nerve when tapped, seen in hypocalcemia?

Chvostek'