Environmental Pollution Control Troy Dr Yu test 1

Death rates plummeting are a result of what

Increase in food supply and better medicine and sanitation

technological advances

it lowers environmental resistance and promotes pop growth

carrying capacity

The number of organisms the earth can support and is determined by resource availability and the environment's capacity to absorb and detoxify wastes

What is the root of virtually all environmental problems ?

Population

What are the problems the massive size of human population has caused

Shortages of resources

Environmental deterioration

A host of possible social problems

What are the social, economic, and environmental problems called?

Triple bottom line

Desertification

after trees are cut down and the top soil is washed away, the sun at the equator bleaches the land and transforms it into barren desert

Why did the population get so large ?

Industrial Revolution

Global Climate Change

Fossil fuels pollute the atmosphere with carbon dioxide other trace gases that heat up the atmosphere

IPAT equation

Impact = Population x Affluence x Technology

growth rate equation

Growth rate = crude birth rate - crude death rate

GR = (#births/1000) - (#deaths/1000)

doubling time

the time required for a population to double in size

how is doubling time determined?

by diving 70 by the growth rate

DB= 70/GR

growth rates more developed countries are relatively low

true

Less developed countries have higher growth rates

true

total fertility rate

The average number of children women are expected to have during their reproductive span

Replacement level fertility

occurs when couples produce exactly the number of children needed to replace themselves

zero population growth

occurs when the death rate equals the birth rate and when the net migration is zero

The growth of a town, city, state, or region is

determined by two factors

Growth rate (natural increase)

Migration (the movement of people into and out of

the population)

population histogram types

expansive, constrictive, or stationary

Expansive Histogram

Large number of young people produce more

offspring than their parents. The base continues

to increase. Ex. Kenya, Mexico, World

Constrictive Histogram

If couples produce fewer offspring than their

parents, the base constricts. Ex. Austria

Stationary Histogram

If couples have the same number of offspring

as their parents, family sizes remain constant. Ex. Sweden

What are the root causes of rampant population growth?

poverty

lack of education

inequality of women

poor health care

demographic preindustrial stage

high birth rate

high death rate

little to no increase in pop

demographic transitional stage

high birth rate and falling death rate

high population growth rate

demographic industrial stage

falling birth rate and low death rate

slower growth

demographic postindustrial stage

low birth rate and low death rate

slow population growth

family planning

permits couples to determine the number and spacing of children to determine family size. vital to reach a sustainable human population

who uses the most contraceptives?

Latin American and Caribbean

More developed countries

what are the components of a global strategy to reduce fertility and population growth?

small scale sustainable economic development

jobs for women

efforts to promote equality

improvements in health care for women

what is the goal of the ICPD?

to stabilize human population at 7.8 billion by 2050

what are the three barriers in the way of achieving a sustainable human population?

psychological and cultural

education

religious

crude oil

oil is extracted from deep wells on the seafloor and on land and it is often found with natural gas

it is heated and distilled to separate the useful fuel and nonfuel by-products

what are the major impacts of the oil energy system?

oil spills and combustion of oil and its by-products

natural gas

a combustible gas extracted from deep onshore and offshore wells. a clean fuel

what is natural gas used for?

to heat homes, cook food. and heat water. used by some factories and power plants

coal

the most abundant fossil fuel, but its extraction and use create enormous social, economic, and environmental costs

how is coal removed?

by surface and underground mines

what is one of the biggest problems from coal mining?

the release of sulfuric acid from abandoned underground mines. Sulfuric acid poisons streams

What is a major consumer of coal?

electric power plants

which power plants create the most pollution?

coal power plants

what are two of the most pressing environmental problems from air pollutants?

acid deposition

global climate change

oil shale

is a sedimentary rock containing an organic material (kerogen) that can be extracted from the rock by heating

liquid oil shale

a thick, oily substance that can be refined to make gasoline and a host of other chemical by-products

very costly

tar sands

sand deposits impregnated with a petroleum-like substance known as bitumen. costly to extract

coal can not be converted to gaseous and liquid fuels to replace oil and natural gas

false

nuclear energy

Energy stored in the nucleus of an atom

three major types of ionizing radiation released by radioactive atoms

alpha particles

beta particles

gamma rays

alpha particles

largest, heat energy, can be blocked by a piece of paper

beta particles

fly everywhere and can be blocked by metal

gamma rays

smallest and can cause cancer

nuclear fission

uranium atoms that undergo fission, release additional neutrons, causes fission and heat.

adds neutron and forms two daughter cells

the dangers/problems of exposure to nuclear radiation

miscarriage

cancer

can result in immediate death with high exposure

can not dispose of waste

nuclear fusion

small atoms fuse, gives off energy

energy is currently wasted in these three areas

transportation

buildings

industry/business

what will very likely become a major source of energy in the future?

renewable energy

examples of renewable energy

water(globally), wind, solar, geothermal, biomass

solar energy

captures energy from the sun

solar panels or mirrors

active solar energy

energy captured from sunlight with advanced technologies

passive solar energy

uses the solar energy that naturally falls on a building to heat it directly like letting the sun shine through glass

wind energy

The energy captured by transforming the motion of air into electrical energy using a turbine

clean, abundant, cheap like coal

winds are produced by solar energy

biomass

organic matter such as wood or crop waste that can be burned or converted into gaseous or liquid fuels

biodiesel

renewable fuel made from an assortment of vegetable oils and a methanol-lye mixture

ex ethanol

hydroelectric power

renewable and operates relatively cleanly, but dams and reservoirs have an enormous impact on environment

energy gathered from water

geothermal energy

renewable, primarily from magma, molten rock beneath the earth's crust

where is geothermal a major source?

countries around the ring of fire

hydrogen fuel

a renewable source where hydrogen can be produced by passing electricity through water

when hydrogen burns, it produces water vapor

is renewable energy abundant and accessible w/o major tech breakthroughs?

yes

which energy source provides the most jobs?

wind