Unit 2 APHG

Flashcards for reviewing key vocabulary related to Geography, Population, and Migration.

Arithmetic Density

The total number of people divided by the total land area.

Physiological Density

The number of people per unit area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture.

Agricultural Density

The ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of arable land.

Census

A complete enumeration of a population.

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

The total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in a society.

Crude Death Rate (CDR)

The total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in a society.

Natural Increase Rate (NIR)

The percentage by which a population grows in a year, calculated as the difference between the birth rate and the death rate.

Doubling Time

The number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase.

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

The average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years.

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)

The total number of deaths in a year among infants under one year old for every 1,000 live births in a society.

Life Expectancy

The average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions.

Dependency Ratio

The number of people under age 15 and over age 64 compared to the number of people active in the labor force.

Population Pyramid

A bar graph representing the distribution of population by age and sex.

Sex Ratio

The number of males per 100 females in the population.

Demographic Transition

The process of change in a society's population from a condition of high crude birth and death rates and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth and death rates, low rate of natural increase, and a higher total population.

Epidemiologic Transition

Distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition.

Medical Revolution

Medical technology invented in Europe and North America that is diffused to the poorer countries of Latin America, Asia, and Africa.

Overpopulation

The number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living.

Pandemic

Disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population.

Endemic

A disease that is particular to a locality or region.

Migration

A change in residence intended to be permanent.

Emigration

Migration from a location.

Immigration

Migration to a new location.

Internal Migration

Permanent movement within a particular country.

International Migration

Permanent movement from one country to another.

Interregional Migration

Permanent movement from one region of a country to another.

Intraregional Migration

Permanent movement within one region of a country.

Forced Migration

Permanent movement compelled usually by cultural factors.

Voluntary Migration

Permanent movement undertaken by choice.

Intervening Obstacle

An environmental or cultural feature of the landscape that hinders migration.

Intervening Opportunity

The presence of a nearer opportunity that greatly diminishes the attractiveness of sites farther away.

Push Factors

Negative conditions and perceptions that induce people to leave their abode and migrate to a new locale.

Pull Factors

Positive conditions and perceptions that effectively attract people to new locales from other areas.

Refugees

People who are forced to migrate from their home country and cannot return for fear of persecution because of their race, religion, nationality, membership in a social group, or political opinion.

Internally Displaced Persons (IDPS)

People who have been displaced within their own country and do not cross international borders as they flee.

Asylum Seekers

People who have migrated to another country in the hope of being recognized as a refugee.

Repatriation

The process of returning a refugee to their home country.

Brain Drain

Large-scale emigration by talented people.

Chain Migration

Migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there.

Colonization

The establishment or settlement of a colony in a new area connected to the parent country.

Guest Workers

Workers who migrated to more developed countries in search of higher-paying jobs.

Remittances

Money migrants send back to family and friends in their home countries, often in cash, forming an important part of the economy in poorer countries.