Respiratory radiology

What is the radiological diagnosis in pneumothorax?

Right pneumothorax

Mediastinal shift in pneumothorax occurs to which side

Contralateral side

Most sensitive investigation for pneumothorax

CT scan

Most sensitive X-ray view for pneumothorax

Expiratory chest X-ray

Normal lung finding on B-mode ultrasound

Sliding sign present

B-mode ultrasound finding in pneumothorax

Sliding sign absent

What is lung point sign

Junction of normal lung sliding and absent sliding on ultrasound

M-mode USG sign in normal lung

Sea shore sign

M-mode USG sign in pneumothorax

Barcode sign or Stratosphere sign

Radiological diagnosis of pleural effusion

Left sided pleural effusion

Characteristic sign of pleural effusion

Meniscus sign / Ellis S curve

Earliest radiological sign of pleural effusion

Blunting of costophrenic angle

Mediastinal shift in pleural effusion

Contralateral shift

Most sensitive investigation for pleural effusion

Ultrasonography

Most sensitive X-ray view for pleural effusion

Ipsilateral lateral decubitus view

CT sign of empyema

Split pleura sign

Loculated pleural effusion on CT suggests

Empyema

Air + fluid in pleural space is called

Hydropneumothorax

Pathological basis of consolidation

Alveoli filled with fluid

Definition of air bronchogram sign

Air-filled bronchi with opaque surrounding lung

Horizontal fissure involvement indicates

Right upper lobe consolidation

Bulging fissure sign suggests

Klebsiella pneumonia ( red current jelly sputum )

Classical sputum of Klebsiella pneumonia

Red currant jelly sputum

Upward displacement of fissure suggests

Right upper lobe collapse

Hallmark of lung collapse

Volume loss

Definition of silhouette sign

Loss of normal tissue interface on chest X-ray

Silhouette sign positive with obscured heart border indicates

Middle lobe or lingula pathology

Visible heart border indicates pathology in

Lower lobe

Right middle lobe consolidation causes obscuration of

Right cardiac border

Lower lobe opacity on lateral view overlies

Spine

Right paratracheal stripe silhouette loss indicates

Right upper lobe pathology

Aortic knuckle silhouette loss indicates

Left upper lobe pathology

Right cardiac border silhouette loss indicates

Right middle lobe pathology

Left cardiac border silhouette loss indicates

Lingula involvement

Right diaphragm silhouette loss indicates

Right lower lobe pathology

Left diaphragm silhouette loss indicates

Left lower lobe pathology

PNEUMATOCELE (Consolidation with pneumatocele) suggests

Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia

Staphylococcal pneumonia often follows

Viral upper respiratory tract infection

Tree-in-bud appearance indicates

Active tuberculosis with endobronchial spread

Common TB finding in children

Hilar lymphadenopathy

Ring enhancing lymph nodes in TB indicate

Caseous necrosis

Chronic TB radiological features include

• Cavitation

• fibrosis

Miliary TB nodules distribution

Bilateral randomly distributed nodules

Route of spread in miliary TB

Hematogenous spread

Differential diagnosis of miliary nodules includes

Healed varicella

Another differential of miliary nodules

Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia / Loeffler’s syndrome

Another cause of miliary nodules

Hemosiderosis

Fungal cause of miliary nodules

Histoplasmosis

Patient profile commonly associated with lung abscess

Alcoholic

Characteristic smell in lung abscess

Foul smelling sputum

Common causative organisms in lung abscess

Anaerobes

Radiological appearance of lung abscess

Necrotic thick-walled cavity with air-fluid level

Investigation of choice for lung abscess

Contrast enhanced CT

Water lily sign indicates

Hydatid cyst

Water lily sign description

Air-fluid level with floating membrane

Halo sign seen in

Invasive aspergillosis

Halo sign description

Multiple nodules with central solid part ( ground glass opacity )

Patient group prone to invasive aspergillosis

Immunocompromised with febrile neutropenia

Drug of choice for invasive aspergillosis

Voriconazole

Reverse halo sign also called

Atoll sign

Reverse halo sign seen in

Organizing pneumonia

Aspergilloma described as

Mobile fungal ball

Characteristic sign of aspergilloma

Air crescent sign or Monad sign

Finger in glove sign seen in

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis

Cause of finger in glove sign

Bronchus filled with mucus

High attenuation mucus inn aspergiiiosis is called

Toothpaste sign

Typical CT findings in COVID-19

Multifocal Peripheral and basal ground glass opacities

Full form of CORADS

COVID-19 Reporting and Data System

Chart of CORAD

CORADS 1 indicates

Normal or non-infectious findings ( mas/emphysema)

CORADS 2 indicates

Atypical findings for COVID

CORADS 3 indicates

Equivocal findings ( perihilar ground glass opacity, pleural; effusion )

CORADS 4 indicates

High suspicion for COVID-19 ( multiple consolidation, preexisting lung disease )

CORADS 5 indicates

Typical COVID-19 findings

CORADS 6 indicates

RT-PCR positive case

Thumb sign seen in

Acute epiglottitis

Most common organism in epiglottitis

Streptococcus

Steeple sign seen in

Croup

Croup also called

Acute laryngotracheobronchitis

Characteristic cough in croup

Barking cough

Most common cause of croup

Parainfluenza virus

Bronchiolitis radiological feature

Increased perihilar markings

Most common cause of bronchiolitis

RSV

Definition of bronchiectasis

Irreversible dilatation of bronchi

Chest X-ray sign of bronchiectasis

Tram track sign

Investigation of choice for bronchiectasis

HRCT

HRCT sign of bronchiectasis

Signet ring sign

Upper lobe bilateral bronchiectasis seen in

Cystic fibrosis

Unilateral upper lobe bronchiectasis suggests

Tuberculosis

Middle lobe bronchiectasis seen in

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (Kartager’s syndrome)

Kartagener syndrome includes

Primary ciliary dyskinesia

Lower lobe bronchiectasis seen in

Aspiration or immunodeficiency

Proximal bronchiectasis seen in

Mounier-Kuhn syndrome

Sarcoidosis presents with

Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy

Type of lymph node necrosis in sarcoidosis

Non-caseating / non necrotic

Biochemical abnormality in sarcoidosis

Raised ACE levels, Hypercalcemia