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15 Terms
1
What is matter?
Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass.
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2
What elements make up 96% of living matter?
Carbon (C), Oxygen (O), Hydrogen (H), and Nitrogen (N).
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3
What is an atom?
The smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element.
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4
Define protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Protons are positively charged and found in the nucleus; neutrons have no charge and are also found in the nucleus; electrons are negatively charged and orbit around the nucleus.
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5
What is the atomic number?
The number of protons in an element’s nucleus.
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6
What is the mass number?
The sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
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7
What are isotopes?
Isotopes are atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons.
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8
What is a radioactive isotope?
An isotope that decays spontaneously, giving off energy.
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9
What are valence electrons?
Electrons in the outermost shell of an atom.
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10
What is a compound?
A substance composed of two or more elements in a fixed ratio.
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11
What is a covalent bond?
The sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms.
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12
Define polar covalent bond.
A bond where electrons are unequally shared between atoms.
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13
What is an ionic bond?
A bond formed when an atom transfers electrons to another atom, creating charged ions.
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