ANT Back Lecture

Osteology only (does NOT include muscles)

What are the three curvatures

Cervical curvature (secondary curvature) - upright posture

Thoracic curvature (primary curvature) - fetal position

Lumbar curvature (secondary curvature) - upright posture

How many vertebral column bones in each section

• cervical: 7

• thoracic: 12

• lumbar: 5

• sacral: 5 fused

• coccygeal: 3-4

Label each line (not just red box) on the vertebrae, and what kind is it?

Cervical

1. Vertebral body

2. Transverse process

3. Transverse foramina

4. Vertebral foramen

5. spinous process

6. Articular facets

- Superior

- Inferior

What is C1 called, what are the main markings on it (label the diagram), what head movement does it support, what is it missing that other C1’s have

C1= Atlas, nodding head yes"

1. vertebral foramen

2. large superior articular facet

3. anterior arch

4. posterior arch

5. lateral mass

6. no vertebral body

7. no spinous process (allow for yes movement)

Label each, what part of the spine is it? Be specific

Cervical C1- Atlas

What is C2 called, what direction of head movement does it support and what are the main markings on it (label the diagram)

C2= Axis, nodding no

1. Dens process (fused C1 & C2 bodies)

2. spinous process

3. superior articular facet

4. Inferior articular facet

5. Anterior articular facet

6. Body

What connects the occipital bone to the atlas? What movement does it allow?

Atlanto-occipital joint, neck flexion

What connects the atlas to the axis? What movement does it allow?

Atlanto-axial joint, head rotation

Label each marking on the vertebrae, and what kind is it?

Thoracic vertebrae

1. Vertebral body: medium, heart-shape

2. Vertebral foramen: small, round

3. Spinous process: long, inferior

4. Articular facets

5. Costal facets

Label each, what vertebrae does this belong to?

Thoracic

1. vertebral body

2. vertebral foramen

3. superior articular facet

4. inferior articular facet

5. spinous process (long and thin)

What is the intervertebral disk

Shock absorber between each vertebrae

What is the annulus fibrosus?

• The tough outer ring of the disc.

• Made of fibrocartilage

• Disc herniation happens here