11.1- The Civil War Begins-

Fort Sumter

the Civil War began here when Southern forces attacked US troops; located at the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina; Southern victory that started the war

Robert E. Lee

talented military officer who resigned from the US army and became commanding general of the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia

Anaconda Plan

Northern strategy to defeat the South by forming a naval blockade by capturing the Mississippi River

George McClellan

Cautious Union commander who failed to capture the Confederate capitol of Richmond

Ulysses S. Grant

commanded Union forces at Shiloh, Tennessee, and was criticized after that battle for the high number of casualties suffered by the army

Antietam

the site of the bloodiest one-day battle in american history; Union forces stopped a Confederate invasion of the North; neither side gained any ground

Border States

Included Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri

Southern disadvantages

Did not have industry to make war supplies

Northern disadvantages

They were invading unfamiliar land

King Cotton

major crop grown by South, very important to the world market. South hoped to use it to grain foreign support

Battle of Shiloh

bloody battle in Tennessee won by Grant

Northern strategies

1. close Southern ports with Navy

2. Gain control of Mississippi R. which would split the confederacy

3. Capture Richmond VA (capital of the Confederacy), 90 miles away from Washington D.C.

Southern Stratagies

-expected support from Britain and France

-conduct a defensive war (don't attack often)

- attack Washington DC (capitol of the US)

Reasons for enlistment

1. patriotism

2. loyalty to cause

3. fear of being called a "coward"

4. for excitement

Battle of Bull Run

First major battle of the Civil War and a victory for the South, it dispelled Northern illusions of swift victory.

Four Border States

Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri, Delaware

They voted against Secession. These slave states did not secede from the Union

Northern Advantages

a. Large population

b. Most of the nations factories

c. More railroads

d. More shipyards to build more ships

e. Able to raise more money for the war effort

Southern Advantages

a. Talented military officers

b. Only needed to defend their own territory

c. A strong war-time president, Jefferson Davis

d. Anticipated getting support from foreign nations who depended on the South's cotton

blockade

The North's navy set this up so that good could neither enter or leave the South

Jefferson Davis

Who was the President of the Confederate States?

monitor

Union ironclad ship

Merrimack

an ironclad ship used by the South in the Civil War