General Physics: Fundamental Concepts, Human Movement, Ergonomics, and Machines

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards generated from all 5 lecture sources on physics fundamentals, applications, motion dynamics, ergonomics, and machines.

Dr. Caesar Saloma

A Filipino physicist and recipient of the ASEAN Outstanding Scientist and Technologist Award who advanced optics and signal processing.

Large Hadron Collider (LHC)

A research facility operated by CERN using particle physics principles, electromagnetism, and quantum mechanics, which led to the discovery of the Higgs boson.

Liter of Light Project

A Philippine innovation that uses plastic water bottles filled with water and bleach installed in roofs to refract and diffuse sunlight into off-grid homes.

Electroluminescence

The process by which LED light bulbs convert electrical energy directly into light rather than heat, maximizing energy efficiency.

Bahay Kubo Architecture

Traditional Filipino housing design that uses passive ventilation and natural convection currents to cool interior spaces without mechanical energy.

Kulintang Ensemble

A traditional Philippine cultural musical ensemble whose instruments produce sound based on principles of wave resonance and natural frequency.

Piezoelectric Materials

Materials integrated into pedestrian overpass floor tiles in Cebu to convert mechanical pressure from human footsteps into electrical energy to power streetlights.

Hybrid Electric Road Train

A mass transit technology developed by the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) incorporating electromagnetic motors and regenerative braking.

Translational Motion

The movement of an object from one location to another where every part of the object travels the same distance in the same direction.

Rotational Motion

The motion that occurs when an object spins or turns around a fixed central line known as an axis of rotation.

Scalar Quantity

A physical quantity, such as distance or speed, that possesses magnitude only and no direction.

Vector Quantity

A physical quantity, such as displacement, velocity, acceleration, or momentum, that possesses both magnitude and direction.

Angular Displacement

A rotational quantity represented by $\theta$ that measures how far an object has rotated relative to its starting position, expressed in radians.

Philippine Mahogany Seed

The seed of Toona calantas that spins as it falls to slow its descent, enabling wind currents to carry it further from the parent tree.

Kinetic Chain in Pitching

A sequential body rotation where pelvis and trunk speeds of $700^\times/s$ to $1100^\times/s$ transfer energy to shoulder internal rotation exceeding $5000^\times/s$, maximizing linear speed.

Kuda Serve

A Sepak Takraw serve utilizing hip flexion and trunk rotation to achieve an average linear serve speed of $22.8\text{ m/s}$, faster than the traditional sila serve.

Silyang Pinoy

A convertible engineered bamboo school furniture set developed by DOST-FPRDI that transforms from a chair-and-table unit into an evacuation bed during natural calamities.

Anthropometry

The measurement of human body dimensions used in ergonomic design to optimize primary reach zones, form layout, and posture.

Fiskars Offset Handle

An ergonomic scissor redesign featuring a contoured, offset handle that distributes cutting force across a larger area and maintains a neutral wrist position.

Simple Machine

A basic mechanical device with few or no moving parts that makes work easier by modifying the direction or magnitude of an applied force.

Lever

A simple machine consisting of a rigid beam pivoting on a fixed point called a fulcrum, used to multiply force or alter force direction.

Compound Machine

A mechanism formed by combining two or more simple machines working together to perform multiple functions efficiently.

Windlass

A compound machine combining a wheel and axle with a crank lever to lift or pull heavy loads by winding a rope or cable around a central drum.

Machine Efficiency Formula

The percentage of input work converted into useful output work, expressed by the equation $\text{Efficiency} = \frac{\text{Work Output}}{\text{Work Input}} \times 100{\%}$.