AP Psychology Vocab Quiz #8

classical conditioning

a type of learning where the organism learns to associate two stimuli

unconditioned stimulus

something that has a natural response and can be used to create certain behaviors through classical conditioning

unconditioned response

the unlearned, naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus.

conditioned response

a learned response to a previously neutral stimulus

conditioned stimulus

when a neutral object, action, or person is connected to a specific response over time

acquisition

the cognitive process of acquiring skill or knowledge

extinction

the diminishing of a conditioned response

spontaneous recovery

the reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguished conditioned response

generalization

the tendency to respond in the same way to different but similar stimuli

discrimination

the ability to perceive and respond to differences among stimuli.

operant conditioning

a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher

law of effect

The principle that behaviors are selected by their consequences

punishment

an event that tends to decrease the behavior that it follows

reinforcement

any event that strengthens the behavior it follows

zone of proximal development

The distance between where a learner is at developmentally on their own & where a learner could be with the help of a more knowledgeable other

shaping

the process of training a learned behavior that would not normally occur.

observational conditioning

when the observer learns to what circumstances a behavior should be a response

latent learning

learning becomes obvious only when reinforcement is given for the desired behavior.

primary reinforcer

things that motivate behavior because they satiate an individual's basic survival needs.

secondary reinforcer

a stimulus that reinforces a behavior after it has been associated with a primary reinforcer