Criminology - U2 - AC3.2 - Biochemical Explanations Evaluation

Strength: Hormonal influences link aggression to offending

Testosterone levels and male offending peak at similar ages, suggesting a biological link between hormones and aggression in males.

Strength: Biochemical factors are recognised in legal defences

Courts recognise biochemical factors, such as post-natal depression or PMT, as legitimate defences in cases like infanticide or shoplifting.

Weakness: Biochemical predisposition needs an environmental trigger

While biochemical factors may predispose individuals to crime, they often require an environmental trigger, such as stress or life events, to result in criminal behaviour.

Strength: Steroid use is linked to aggression

Research shows that steroid users report higher aggression levels, suggesting that steroids can increase the likelihood of violent behaviour and criminal activity.

Weakness: Steroid studies produce mixed results

Recent research on the link between steroids and aggression is inconclusive, with some studies suggesting that other factors may have a greater impact on criminal behaviour.

Strength: Low serotonin levels are linked to aggression

Studies show that low serotonin levels are associated with increased aggression, indicating that biochemical imbalances can influence violent behaviour.

Weakness: Focus on aggression doesn't explain all types of crime

The focus on aggression doesn't account for crimes like property offences, which may be driven by factors other than aggression, such as financial motives or opportunity.

Strength: Peer-reviewed biochemical studies ensure credibility

Many biochemical studies are peer-reviewed, ensuring rigorous scientific scrutiny. For example, research by Raine (2002) on brain chemistry and violence has been widely reviewed and supported in criminological studies, lending credibility to the role of biology in criminal behaviour.

Weakness: Biochemical factors oversimplify crime causes

Relying too heavily on biochemical factors oversimplifies crime, ignoring the complex interplay of environmental, social, and psychological factors that also contribute to criminal behaviour.

Strength: Biochemical explanations help in crime prevention

Understanding the role of biochemical factors can aid in developing preventative measures, such as treatments or interventions that address underlying biological issues.