SNC 1W1 Exam Review - Chemistry

Flashcards for Chemistry Exam Review

Matter

Anything that has mass and takes up space (volume).

Independent Variable

Factor that is changed in an experiment

Dependent variable

Factor measured to gauge the response of changing the independent variable.

Control Variables

Other factors that must be kept constant (unchanged)

Independent Variable (Plant Pot Experiment)

Material of plant pot

Dependent Variable (Plant Pot Experiment)

Height of plant

Control Variables Examples (Plant Pot Experiment)

Examples: soil, sunlight, water, humidity

Physical Property: Transparency

The glass is see-through

Chemical Property: Reactivity

Hair is dyed using hydrogen peroxide.

Physical Property: Density

Hair has a low mass per unit volume

Chemical Property: Combustibility

A firecracker rapidly combusts when lit

Physical Property: State

Alcohol transitions rapidly from liquid to gas at room temperature

Chemical Property: Combustibility

Toast undergoes combustion when heated

Physical Property: Freezing Point

Water transitions from liquid to solid

Physical Property: Hardness

Chalk is easily scratched by a fingernail

Physical Property: Malleability

Steel changes shape easily when heated

Chemical Property: Toxicity

a small amount of this compund will cause death

Physical Property: Solubility

Salt will spread evenly throughout a liquid

Clue of Chemical Change

Temperature change (heat or cold)

Clues of Chemical Change

Formation of a solid from a solution

Clues of Chemical Change

Production of a new gaseous compound

Clues of Chemical Change

Indication of a new substance, as color can indicate composition.

Clues of Chemical Change

A change in scent that defines a new substance.

Physical Change

Does not change the atomic makeup.

Chemical Change

A change in the atomic connectivity, creating a new substance.

Principle of the Particle Theory of Matter

All matter is made up of small particles called atoms

Principle of the Particle Theory of Matter

Each pure substance has its own type of particle

Principle of the Particle Theory of Matter

Particles are always in motion (above -273°C)

Principle of the Particle Theory of Matter

Particles attract each other.

Element

The simplest form of matter

Compound

Two elements bond together to form a new substance

Mixture

When two materials are put together

Homogeneous

When a mixture looks like one phase

Heterogeneous

When a mixture looks like it has many phases

Chemical Change

A new substance is produced

Heterogeneous

Matter: two or more kinds of particles not uniformly mixed

Homogeneous

Matter where all particles are identical or uniformly mixed

Protons

Positively charged particle that is part of every atoms nucleus

Electrons

A negatively charged particle in an atoms energy levels

Neutrons

uncharged particle that is almost part of every atoms nucleus

Physical Change

Particles of a substance unchanged, arranged differently

Chemical Change

The particles in the substance are changed

Isotopes

When an atom gains or loses neutrons

Metalloids

Elements share properties of metals and non-metals

Malleable

hammered thin permanently without breaking

Viscosity

measure of a substances résistance to flow

Density

ratio of mass to volume that a substance occupies

Valence electron

electron occupying the outermost energy level

Ion

Positively or negatively charged atom or group of atoms

Element

Pure substance made up of its own atom

Compound

Pure substance made up of two or more elements

Mixture

Matter that contains more than one kind of particle

Pure Substance

Matter that contains only one particle

Solution

Homogeneous mixture of a solute and a solvent