Pediatrics part 1

Formula Fed

Pale yellow to light brown, firm, more offensive odor

Breast fed

Yellow to golden brown, pasty, smells similar to sour milk

Common feeding pattern of infants, school age, toddler, adolescent

1. Aspiration

2. Empty calories

3. Physiological anorexia

4. Anorexia Nervosa

Childhood immunization: General contraindications and precautions

A

L

M

Anaphylactic reaction to previous dose = contraindicated

no Live vaccines for pregnant, immune compromised, allergies to gelatin (MMR, Varicella, Polio, Rota Virus)

Moderate to severe illness, with out without fever (PRECAUTION)

General Side effects of vaccines

S

T

E

F

Swelling

Tenderness

Erythema

Fever (low grade)

Hepatitis B

IM

First dose: 1st month

Second Dose: 2nd month

Third dose: 6th month

DTaP - Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis

WOF:???

IM

Encephalopathy/Seizure

Rotate Q

(For Rota Virus; Rota Virus can cause gastroenteritis which can lead to dehydration)

Withhold vaccination if: ???

PO

Patient has severe vomiting and diarrhea

Haemophilus Influenza B (HIB)

IM

Common cause of epiglottitis

Assess for allergies to gelatin

Inactive Polio Vaccine (IPV)

IM,SQ

Assess for allergies to streptomycin, neomycin and formalin

Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV)

IM

Prevents pneumonia and meningitis

Measles(Rubeola), Mumps, Rubella (German measles) / MMR

SQ

Get at 12-15 months

Assess for allergies to gelatin

Varicella

SQ

Given at 12-15 months

For chicken pox

Hepatitis A

IM

Get at 12-23 months (GIVEN UP TO 23 MONTHS)

What vaccines have have the following guidelines

1. First dose is at 2nd month of life

2. Second dose is at 4th month of life

3. Third dose is at 6th month of life

HINT: DR.HIP

DTaP

Rotavirus Q

HIB

Inactive polio vaccine (IPV)

Pneumonia Conjugated Vaccine (PCV)

Telangiectatis nevi

AKA: stork bite

Pale pink or red, flat, dilated capillaries.

Eyelids, nose, lower occipital bone and nape.

More noticeable during crying periods.

Disappears by age 2.

Negus Flammeus (Port Wine Stain) AKA Sturgeon Weber Syndrome

No elevated, red to purple.

Appears on face with a map like appearance that is red in color.

Does not fade with time.

Negus Vasculosus AKA Strawberry Mark

HINT: THREE Rs

Raised

Rough

Red (Dark red)

Common in head region and disappears by age 7-9

Congenital Dermal Melanocytosis AKA Mongolian Spots

Bluish black pigmentation on lumbar dorsal are and buttocks

Gradually fades during first and second years of life

Common in Asian and dark skin individuals

NOT CONTAGIOUS

What reflexes disappear at 3-4 months of life?

Sucking and Rooting

Tonic Neck

Startle

What reflexes disappear at 4 months of life?

Extrusion

What reflexes disappear at 6 months of life?

Moro and Palmar grasp

What reflexes disappear at 12 months of life?

Babinski reflex

Premature Neonate S/Sx

Nasal Flaring

Fast breathing

Chest in drawing/ grunting

MGT of Premature Neonatea

HINT: RESPIRATORY CENTERED

ET

O2 via VPAP

Incubator - to regulate body temperature

Garage feeding - To maintain nutrition

Postpartum Neonate S/Sx

Long

Dry cracking skin

No lanugo and vernix

Long nails and hair

Alert look

Postpartum Neonate associated problems

Hypoxia

Hypoglycemia

Fetal distress

Meconium Aspiration

Neonate hypoglycemia is defined as?

Plasma level <30mg/dL or 1.65mmol/L in the first 24 hours of life

Plasma level < 45mg/dL or 2.5mmol/L after 24 hours of life