Science AT4 - 8.1, 8.2

8.1 - Elements and Compounds. 8.2 - Body Systems. Kai generated this it might not be accurate.

vena cava

The largest veins in the body that carry deoxygenated blood to the heart.

right atrium

The chamber of the heart that receives deoxygenated blood from the vena cava.

tricuspid valve

The valve that controls blood flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle.

right ventricle

The chamber of the heart that pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs.

pulmonary valve

The valve that controls blood flow from the right ventricle to the pulmonary trunk.

pulmonary trunk

The vessel that carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.

pulmonary arteries

Arteries that transport deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.

alveoli

Small balloon-shaped structures in the lungs where gas exchange occurs.

pulmonary veins

Veins that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart.

left atrium

The chamber of the heart that receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.

mitral valve

The valve that controls blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle.

left ventricle

The chamber of the heart that pumps oxygenated blood to the body.

aortic valve

The valve that controls blood flow from the left ventricle into the aorta.

aorta

The largest artery in the human body that carries oxygenated blood to the body tissues.

atom

The smallest unit of matter.

element

A type of matter made up of one type of atom.

molecule

A type of matter made up of two or more atoms that are chemically bonded together.

mixture

A material consisting of two or more different elements or compounds that can be physically separated.

compound

A type of matter made up of two or more different types of atoms that are chemically bonded together.

chemical change

A change that results in the formation of new chemical substances.

physical change

A change that does not affect the chemical composition of a substance.

acid

A compound that reacts with metals to produce hydrogen and neutralizes bases.

metal

A type of matter that is solid, malleable, ductile, and a good conductor of heat and electricity.

alloy

A mixture of two or more metallic elements resulting in different physical properties.

bronchi

The tubes that branch from the trachea and connect to the lungs.

thoracic cavity

The hollow space inside the chest that holds the lungs and other structures.

cellular respiration

The process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy, carbon dioxide, and water.

photosynthesis

The process by which plants use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.

electrolysis

The use of electricity to cause a chemical reaction.

noble gases

Gases that do not usually react because they have a full outer shell of electrons.

covalent bond

A bond formed when two atoms share electrons.

ion

An atom that has a positive or negative charge due to the loss or gain of electrons.

precipitate

An insoluble solid that forms in a solution during a chemical reaction.

excretion

The removal of metabolic wastes produced by cells.

elimination

The removal of waste materials from the digestive tract.

villi

Small, finger-like projections that increase the surface area of the small intestine for absorption.

reactants

The starting materials in a chemical reaction.

products

The substances that are formed as a result of a chemical reaction.

homeostasis

The state of balance among the body's systems required for proper functioning.

gas exchange

The process by which oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide is expelled in the lungs.

epiglottis

A flap of cartilage that prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing.

urethra

The tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.

ureters

Tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

kidneys

Organs that filter waste from the blood to form urine.

synthesis reaction

A reaction in which two or more substances combine to form a new compound.

displacement reaction

A reaction in which one element replaces another element in a compound.

combustion

A chemical reaction in which a fuel reacts with oxygen to produce energy.

renal medulla

the inner region of the kidney made up of renal pyramids (cone shaped kidney tissue) that contain collecting ducts and tubules. responsible for the concentration of urine by removing water

renal cortex

the outer region of the kidney. contains majority of nephrons and is made up of renal corpuscles. main function is to filter blood and form urine

hinge joint

allows a movement in one direction eg knees and elbows

gliding/plane joint

allows a sliding movement eg joints between small bones of wrists and feet

smooth muscle

elongated with central nucleus. no striations. found in the walls of blood vessels, the urinary bladder, digestive system. involuntary movements

skeletal muscle

cylindrical shape with peripheral nuclei, striated. found in the musculoskeletal system, involuntary movements. also called a muscle fibre

cardiac muscle

quadrangular shape with central nucleus. striated, found in the heart, involuntary movements.