Chemistry - Fuels, Hydrocarbons & Homologous Series

Flashcards about Fuels, Hydrocarbons, and Homologous Series

What is a fossil fuel?

Formed from the remains of living organisms.

What are the most common fossil fuels?

Coal, oil, and gas.

What is a fraction?

A group of compounds with similar boiling points.

What are the products of the complete combustion of a hydrocarbon?

Carbon dioxide and water.

What is an exothermic reaction?

A reaction or process which gives out energy.

What is an endothermic reaction?

A reaction or process which takes in energy.

What are the units for energy?

Joules (J) or Kilojoules (kJ).

What is the formula for energy transfer involving specific heat capacity?

E = cmΔT

What is a hydrocarbon?

A compound which contains carbon and hydrogen only.

What is the molecular formula for methane?

CH4

What is a homologous series?

A family of compounds which have the same general formula and similar chemical properties.

What is the general formula for alkanes?

CnH2n+2

What is the general formula for alkenes and cycloalkanes?

CnH2n

What are saturated hydrocarbons?

Hydrocarbons with only single bonds between the carbon atoms.

What are unsaturated hydrocarbons?

Hydrocarbons with double bonds between the carbon atoms.

Are alkanes saturated or unsaturated?

Alkanes.

Are alkenes saturated or unsaturated?

Alkenes.

Which hydrocarbons decolourise bromine water?

Alkenes decolourise bromine water.

What is hydrogenation?

The addition of hydrogen to an alkene to make an alkane.

What are isomers?

Molecules with the same molecular formula but different structural formula.

What is an alcohol/ how can you identify an alcohol?

Contain a hydroxyl (-OH) functional group and end in -ol

What is a carboxylic acid?

Contain a carboxyl group (-COOH).

What is an ester?

Formed when an alcohol and a carboxylic acid react.