ARCHITECTURE OF TIBETAN PLATEAU

Buddhist Expansion

Result of what happened to India

Religion

has a big impact on Buddhist Expansion

Tibetan Plateau

Formerly a country but is presently a mountainous region in China

Global Warming

A threat to Tibetan Architecture

Tropical

Climate in regions involved in Buddhist Expansion (Tibet, Burma-Myanmar, Siam-Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, Indonesia, and Malay Peninsula) wherein South-west monsoon rains occur in Summer

Tibetan Plateau

Currently the Tibet Autonomous Region of China

China

Colonized Tibet in the 1950s

highest plateau

The Tibetan Plateau sits on the ________ in the world at the highest point of 4,500 meters

Tibet

Their high plains, forests and mountains form a unique ecosystem on the planet and are home to an array of rare wildlife, including the snow leopard, blue sheep and Tibetan wild ass

Tibet

encompasses Indian, Nepalist, and Chinese Architecture

India

South-west of Tibet

Nepal and Bhutan

South of Tibet

China

North-east of Tibet

Indian Art

11th-14th century stylistic sources of Tibet’s Art and Architecture

Nepalese Art

14th-16th century stylistic sources of Tibet’s Art and Architecture

Chinese Ming Schools

15th Century to present stylistic sources of Tibet’s Art and Architecture

Permafrost

Tibet’s geology; a permanently frozen soil, sediment, or rock, solely based on temperature, not moisture or ground cover.

two

In permafrost, the ground must remain at or below 0°C for at least ____ years.

Stone, Clay, and Wood

Natural materials from Tibetan Architecture

China

The People’s Republic of _______ prohibits the practice of religion in Tibet.

Buddhism

What religion constitutes the majority of the population in Tibet?

King Trisong Detsen

Religion was introduced in Tibet towards the end of the 8th century when _________, invited two Buddhist masters from India.

Mahayanist

Tibetan Buddhism combined the original, or _________ practices with yoga, tantra, shamanic rituals and elements of an older Tibetan religion known as Bon.

Dalai Lama

The principal spiritual leader of Tibetan Buddhism

Tenzin Gyatso

14th Dalai Lama of Tibet

Government

Since the 5th Dalai Lama, headed the Tibetan ___________

India

Dalai Lama is currently in exile in ________ due to China’s annexation of Tibet.

Lungta

Mythical wind horses, and prayer flags

Organic Design and Natural Materials

Architectural Character of Tibet

Organic Design

• Design that compliments the natural surroundings

• Buildings appear to grow out of the landscape

Symmetrical

Character of Tibet’s Plan (lay-out and façade design)

stone or rammed earth

Tibetan Architecture uses _________ up to a meter thick at the base.

trapezoidal form

Temples and manor houses in Tibetan Architecture are slightly __________, heavy at the bottom (stone foundations) and light at the top, generally with battered walls

small

Tibetan windows are usually _____ because the walls are so heavy that large openings would make the structure weak and unstable.

glass

Tibetan openings used paper-covered wooden latticework then but was replaced by _______.

Detailed code

Tibetan Architecture uses _______ for the decoration of doors, windows and parapets (including Painted black frames around doors and windows, and complex wooden overhang decorations)

Flat roofs with parapets

Roofs in central and western Tibetan plateau with seldom rain.

Sloping roofs

Tibet uses ________ covered either in slate, shingles, or ceramic tile.

timber frame

Tibetan columns use intricately carved interior _______ following standardized design principles.

Talismans

Tibet uses _______ on roof as guardians.

Chorten

Eight different kind stupas, all referring to major events in Buddha Shakyamuni’s life

Potala Palace

(of Tibet) comprised of an outer white palace and the red quarters

Outer White Palace

(of Potala Palace in Tibet) houses the administrative quarters-Inner

Red Quarters

(of Potala Palace in Tibet) houses the assembly hall of the Lamas, chapels, 10,000 shrines and a vast library of Buddhist scriptures.

Jokhang

1st Buddhist temple in Tibet, located on Barkhor Square in Lhasa.

King Songsten Gampo

Johang was built during the reign of _________ (605-650 CE) to celebrate his marriage with Chinese Tang Dynasty princess Wencheng, who was said to have introduced Buddhism to Tibet.

Tsulag Khang, House of Wisdom

Jokhang in Tibet was called the ________ or “_________‘’ but it is now known as the Jokhang which means the ‘House of the Buddha’

Jokhang, House of the Buddha

A temple in Tibet was formerly known as the Tsulag Khang or ‘House of Wisdom’ but it is now known as the _______ which means the ‘_________’

Heavenly Jokhang

Talisman guarding the rooftop of Jokhang, the most revered religious icon of Tibet where hundreds of prostrating pilgrims gathers everyday

Tashi Lhunpo Monastery

Best preserved monastery in Tibet

Tagong Temple

It’s a symbol of the cultural mixture of the nations in China at that time and is one of the most important temples in Tibet.

Tibet and China

Tagong Temple combines the architecture style from both ______ and _______.

High Golden Tower

The Tagong Temple is the __________ which is a symbol of Tibetan temple while edge of the roof resembles Han Chinese style.

Chorten

Tibet’s ‘Stupa’