Motivation and instincts

motivation

purpose for psychological cause for an action

instinct

a genetic tendency to behave in a particular way

goal-homeostasis

maintain internal equilibrium

drive

internal state generated by departures from physiological optimality

pain matrix

activated when we anticipate or sense pain, a distributed network of brain regions including the amygdala that respond to many types of pain

pain signals provide

specific information about what is happening, motivation for a specific response

incentives

positive goals that we seek to achieve

intrinsic reward

get to go on a run

extrinsic reward

will get coffee if i go on a run

pleasure

anticipating and actively seeking something good is different from actually receiving something good

glucostatic hypothesis

hunger and eating are regulated by the body’s monitoring and adjustment of blood glucose levels, short term

lipostatic hypothesis

adipose tissue plays an important role in governing hunger and regulating long-term energy balance

dual-center theory

the lateral hypothalamus and ventromedical hypothalamus are involved in hunger

lateral hypothalamus

area that controls starting eating, on signal

ventromedical hypothalamus

area that controls stopping eating, off signal

adipose cells

fat cells distributed throughout the body, creating more energy for our body

environmental influences on hunger and eating

normal portions keep getting larger, cultural differences

libido

sexual interest/drive in humans

estrus

a female mammal’s period of sexual receptivity, mediated by estrogen

human females’ sexual interest and activity

independent of her menstrual cycle

the motive to belong

loneliness predicts feeling of depression and has consequences for physical health

the motive to achieve

fear of failure and desire to succeed

performance orientation

a motivational stance that focuses on performing well and looking smart, avoidance motivation, fixed mindset

mastery orientation

a motivational stance that focuses on learning and improving, approach motivation, growth mindset

Maslow’s hierarchy of motives

needs lead to different motivations, certain needs must be met then can move to the next level of the pyramid