U.S History Test 3 (Final 😨)

What incident did Japan stage to justify its invasion of Manchuria?

The Mukden Incident, where Japanese soldiers disguised as Chinese attacked their own railroad.

What was the name of the puppet state created by Japan in Manchuria?

Manchukuo

What was the primary reason for Japan's expansion into Manchuria?

To acquire more resources and territory for its growing population.

What action did Hitler take that violated the Treaty of Versailles?

He remilitarized the Rhineland by moving troops into the area.

What was the Anschluss?

Union of Austria and Germany

-Hitler believed that since there is German descent in Austria, Austria should be a part of Germany.

What was the Munich Pact concerning Sudetenland?

An agreement allowing Hitler to annex Sudetenland in exchange for a promise not to seek further territory.

Who was the British Prime Minister that negotiated the Munich Pact?

Neville Chamberlain

What was the outcome of the Munich Pact?

Hitler broke the pact and subsequently took over the rest of Czechoslovakia.

What did the Neutrality Acts forbid regarding American involvement in wars?

The United States was forbidden from selling arms or munitions to any country at war and Americans could not sail on ships owned by nations at war.

What was the 'Cash and Carry' provision of the revised Neutrality Act?

Countries at war could buy weapons and supplies from the United States if they paid in cash and transported the goods themselves.

What significant event did the Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact enable?

It allowed Hitler to attack Poland, starting World War II on September 1, 1939.

What was Blitzkrieg and how was it used in Poland?

Blitzkrieg, or 'lightning war,' was a fast and intense military campaign that Hitler used to quickly conquer Poland within a month.

What happened during the evacuation at Dunkirk?

Tons of British troops were trapped at Dunkirk and were evacuated across the English Channel to Britain to escape advancing German forces.

What was the objective of the Battle of Britain?

Hitler aimed to bomb military industrial targets and terrorize the British population to force Britain into submission.

What was the impact of the nighttime bombing campaign during the Battle of Britain?

The nighttime bombing, known as the 'blitz,' targeted civilians and aimed to terrorize the population, but it ultimately strengthened British resolve to continue fighting.

What was the effect of the blitz on the British population?

It resulted in significant destruction but ultimately strengthened the resolve of the British people to continue resisting.

What was the purpose of the Lend-Lease Act?

To loan weaponry and supplies to allied countries during WWII without expecting immediate repayment.

When did the attack on Pearl Harbor occur?

December 7, 1941.

What action did Congress take following the attack on Pearl Harbor?

Congress declared war against Japan on December 8, 1941.

What was the strategic significance of the Battle of Midway?

It was a turning point where America began to push Japan back towards their home islands.

What was the purpose of the Island Hopping strategy?

To skip heavily fortified Japanese islands and minimize American casualties while advancing towards Japan.

What battle preceded the Battle of Midway?

The Battle of the Coral Sea.

What was the purpose of the D-Day invasion?

To open the western front and begin the liberation of Western Europe.

How did the Allies deceive Hitler about the location of the D-Day invasion?

They created a fake army in Great Britain and used fake war items to make it appear that the attack would occur at Calais.

What happened to Hitler after the D-Day invasion?

He killed himself.

What was the significance of the Battle of Okinawa?

It was one of the bloodiest battles in history and a crucial step for the U.S. to launch attacks on Japan.

Why did the U.S. drop atomic bombs on Japan?

Japan refused to surrender after the intense fighting, prompting the use of atomic bombs.

What happened to the Japanese emperor during the war?

There were attempts to kidnap him to continue fighting.

Who was the U.S. president that authorized the dropping of atomic bombs on Japan?

President Harry Truman.

What did the saying "iron curtain" symbolize?

Europe was divided between democratic Western nations and communist Eastern nations.

What is containment in reference to WW2?

The goal of preventing communism from spreading to other countries

What was the Truman doctrine?

Truman's support for countries that rejected communism

What was Marshalls plan?

U.S. program that gave economic aid to European countries after World War II to help them rebuild and resist communism.

Who Was George Kennan?

American diplomat and historian best known for developing the U.S. policy of containment during the Cold War.

What was the Berlin Airlift?

A U.S. and Allied operation to fly food and supplies into West Berlin after the Soviet Union blocked all ground routes

why did the soviet union start the berlin blockade?

To force the Allies out of West Berlin and make all of Berlin communist by cutting off supplies

What was the result of the Berlin Airlift?

The Soviet Union ended the blockade because it failed to drive the Allies out of Berlin.

Who was the Democratic candidate in the 1948 presidential election?

Truman.

Why was President Truman unpopular before the 1948 election?

There was high inflation, he didn't handle labor strikes well, and many compared him unfavorably to FDR.

Who was the Republican candidate in the 1948 presidential election?

Thomas Dewey

Who was the Progressive Party candidate in 1948?

Henry Wallace.

Why did Henry Wallace form the Progressive Party?

He thought Truman was being too harsh toward the Soviet Union

Who won the 1948 election despite unpopularity?

Truman

What does the phrase "Losing China" refer to?

China becoming a communist nation

What happened to Nationalists after losing China?

They fled to the island of Taiwan.

How did "Losing China" affect U.S. foreign policy?

It increased fears of communism spreading (the "domino effect") and led to stronger U.S. containment efforts.

Who originally owned Korea?

Japan

Who liberated North Korea?

Soviets

Who liberated South Korea?

America

What was the dividing line between north and south Korea called?

38th parallel

Who was the U.S. general leading the UN forces in Korea?

General Douglas MacArthur.

Why did China enter the Korean War?

Because UN forces advanced too close to the Chinese border.

When did North Korea attack south Korea?

1950

Who came to South Korea's defense?

The united nations, and The united states under Trumans containment policy.

What was the second red scare?

period of intense fear of communism spreading in the United States after World War II.

What caused the Second Red Scare?

The spread of communism in Eastern Europe and Asia, the Soviet Union developing the atomic bomb, and fears of communist spies in the U.S. government.

What U.S. senator became famous for accusing people of being communists without evidence?

Senator Joseph McCarthy.

What government group investigated suspected communists in Hollywood and other industries?

The House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC).

Who was Klaus Fuchs?

A British scientist who worked on the Manhattan Project and was later discovered to have passed atomic secrets to the Soviet Union.

Who were Julius and Ethel Rosenberg?

An American married couple convicted of giving atomic bomb secrets to the Soviet Union.

What is the G.I Bill of Rights?

the providing of education and/or training to veterans, paid for by the federal government

-loans, jobs, education, VA (veteran affairs/administration)

What was Levittown?

-A planned suburban community, provided affordable housing after WW2

Who built levittown?

William J. Levitt

What issue did Levittown have?

racial segregation, African Americans were initially not allowed to buy homes, which was later deemed unconstitutional.

What were Green books?

Travel guides published during the Jim Crow era to help African American travelers find safe places to eat, sleep, and visit.

Who created the Green Book?

Victor Hugo Green

Who were the Beats?

writers and artists in the 1950s who rejected materialism, and conformity, seeking freedom through art, spirituality, and personal expression.

How did mainstream society view the Beats?

rebellious, controversial, and immoral

What did the Supreme Court order in Brown v. Board of Education?

The desegregation of public schools across the United States.

What city was involved in Brown v. Board of Education?

Topeka, Kansas

What was the Southern Manifesto?

A document written in 1956 by a group of Southern congressmen that opposed the Supreme Court’s decision in Brown v. Board of Education and supported continued racial segregation in public schools.

Who was Emmett Till?

An African American boy from Chicago who was brutally murdered in Mississippi in 1955 after being accused of whistling at a white woman.

What was the significance of Emmett Tills murder?

It revealed the deep racism and violence in the South. The men that killed him were found not guilty.

What was the Montgomery Bus Boycott?

A protest in which African Americans in Montgomery, Alabama, refused to ride city buses to protest segregated seating.

What was the result of the Montgomery Bus Boycott?

The Supreme Court ruled that bus segregation was unconstitutional.

Who were the main presidential candidates in 1960?

John F. Kennedy (Democrat) , Richard M. Nixon (Republican)

What was a significant part of the 1960 presidential election?

It was the first election to have a televised debate

What happened during the 1960 televised debate?

Nixon was sweaty asf, not epic

What was the Bay of Pigs invasion?

A group of Cuban exiles organized and supported by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency landed on the southern coast of Cuba in an effort to overthrow and remove Fidel Castro as the leader of Cuba (They failed :/)

What happened to the cuban exiles during the bay of pigs?

left to die, Kennedy did not send in air support as promised. Those that were captured, Kennedy paid for release.

What was the Cuban Missile Crisis?

-Soviet union puts nuclear weapons and soilders in Cuba

-Kennedy wants them REMOVED

Kennedys reaction to the missles in cuba?

Blockades (quarantine) the islands to prevent soviet ships from reaching the island

What was the result of the Cuban missile crisis?

Khrushchev removes the missiles when Kennedy announces publicly that he will not invade Cuba again and privately he had to remove missiles in turkey.

What were sit-ins?

Nonviolent protests in which African Americans sat at segregated public places and refused to leave until served or their demands were met.

Where did the first well-known sit-in occur?

Greensboro, North Carolina, at a Woolworth's lunch counter.

What was the Student Non Violent Coordinating Committee? (SNCC)

A civil rights organization founded by young African American activists to coordinate nonviolent protests, such as sit-ins and freedom rides, to fight against segregation.

Who were the Freedom Riders?

Civil rights activists who rode interstate buses test and challenge illegal segregation in bus terminals.

What organization primarily organized the Freedom Rides?

CORE (Congress of Racial Equality).

What was the Birmingham Campaign and who organized it?

A major civil rights protest, organized to end segregation in one of the most racist and segregated cities in the South.

-The Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) and Martin Luther King Jr

Who was Bull Connor and what did he do?

-The Public Safety Commissioner of Birmingham, Alabama, known for enforcing strict racial segregation.

-He ordered the use of fire hoses, police dogs, and mass arrests against peaceful civil rights protesters during the Birmingham Campaign of 1963.

What famous speech was delivered at the March on Washington?

Martin Luther King Jr.'s "I Have a Dream" speech.

What was the purpose of the March on Washington?

To put pressure on Congress to pass the Civil Rights Bill that President Kennedy had proposed.

What was the Civil Rights Act of 1964?

A landmark federal law that banned discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

What did the civil rights act of 1964 kill?

Jim Crow laws

Who won the Election of 1964?

Lyndon B. Johnson (Democrat).

Who was the republican candidate in the election of 1964?

Barry Goldwater

What was the Voting Rights Act of 1965?

banned racial discrimination in voting.

What did the Voting Rights Act do?

outlawed literacy tests, authorized federal examiners to register voters (They did not discriminate)

What was the Gulf of Tonkin Incident?

U.S. ships reported being attacked by North Vietnamese patrol boats in the Gulf of Tonkin

What was the Gulf of Tokin Resolution?

A congressional resolution that gave President Lyndon B. Johnson broad authority to use military force in Vietnam without a formal declaration of war.