Chapter 06 Flashcards

What is the smallest structure visible with a standard research-grade light microscope?

Mitochondria

What frequently imposes a limit on cell size?

Ratios of surface area to volume

Where is DNA found in bacteria?

The nucleoid

What macromolecule frequently leaves the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell through pores in the nuclear membrane?

mRNA

What are rough ER studded with?

Ribosomes

What gives eukaryotic cells their shape and capacity to move?

Cytoskeleton

What is not part of a prokaryotic cell?

An endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

What could a cell not do without a Golgi apparatus?

Package protein

A cell with a predominance of smooth endoplasmic reticulum is likely specialized to do what?

Synthesize large quantities of lipids

What is present in prokaryotic cells?

Ribosomes

Which groups are primarily involved in synthesizing molecules needed by the cell?

Ribosomes, rough and smooth ER

What is the function of the rough ER?

To synthesize proteins that are secreted as glycoproteins

What is the region in a bacterial cell that contains genetic material?

Nucleoid

What does cell motility require interactions with?

Motor proteins

What does the endosymbiont theory explain the origins of?

Mitochondria and chloroplasts

What organizes structures and activities in a cell?

The cytoskeleton

Where is a protein that functions in the plasma membrane most likely synthesized?

In the rough ER

What must a substance pass through to move from outside the cell into the cytoplasm?

The plasma membrane

What is the functional connection between the nucleolus, nuclear pores, and the nuclear membrane?

Subunits of ribosomes are assembled in the nucleolus and pass through the nuclear membrane via nuclear pores.

What evidence supports the prokaryotic origins of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

That mitochondria and chloroplasts have multiple copies of linear DNA molecules associated with their inner membranes.

What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?

To synthesize proteins that are secreted as glycoproteins

What does the endoplasmic reticulum belong to in addition to the nuclear envelope?

Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vesicles.