Ornotholgy Exam (copy)

Filoplum

Semiplum

Down

Bristle

What is one thing that birds a reptiles share about the blood?

They both have uncleared blood so you can get a lot of information from just the blood.

What was the first intermediate between birds and dinosaurs found?

Archaeopteryx

What are the two hypothesis of where bids come from?

A. Birds come directly from Thecodonts

B. Thecodonts—Theropod Dinosaurs— Birds (More likely)

What period are modern birds known from?

The Cretaceous

What are the two hypothesis of the evolution of flight?

1. Trees down: tree climber jumped branch to branch (flying lizards)

2. Ground up: used wings to run, trap prey, and jump.

What birds might you see in Gallformes

Chicken (fowl) Quail

What birds might you see in Anseriformes? (Anatidea)

Ducks (Waterfowl)

What birds might you see in Podiceidformes?

Grebes

What. It’s might you see in Columbiformes?

Pigeons and doves

What birds might you see in Cuculiformes

Cuckoos (roadrunner)

What birds might you see in Gruiformes? (Rallidae)

Cranes rails and allies (American coots)

What birds might you see in Charadriiformes?

Shorebirds (killdeer)

What birds might you see in Caprimulgiformes?

Nightbirds

What birds might you see in Apodiformes? (Trochilidae)

Swifts, hummingbirds

What birds might you see in gavliformes

Loons and divers

What birds might you see in suliformes?

Shags and commorants

What birds might you see in Pelecanformes?

Pelicans and herons

What birds might you see in Accipitriforms or Cathartiformes? (Cathartidae)

Hawks eagles vultures

What birds might you see in Strigiformes?

Owls

What birds might you see in piciformes?

Woodpeckers (northern flicker)

What birds might you see in Falconformes?

Falcons and caracaras

What birds might you see in passiformes (Tryannidae)

Fly catchers (Says pheobe, black pheobe)

What birds would be found in passerifomes? (Corvidae)

Crows ravens and jays

What birds would be found in passerifomes? (Hirundinidae)

Swallows

What birds would be found in passerifomes? (Paridae)

Chickadees and titmice

What birds would be found in passerifomes? (Troglodytidae)

Wrens

What birds would be found in passerifomes? (Polioptilidae)

Gnatcatchers

What birds would be found in passerifomes? (Regulidae)

Kinglets

What birds would be found in passerifomes? (Turdidae)

Thrushes (bluebird and robin)

What birds would be found in passerifomes? (Mimidae)

Mimics (mockingbirds)

What birds would be found in passerifomes? (Sturnidae)

European Starling

What birds would be found in passerifomes? (Passeridae)

House sparrow

What birds would be found in passerifomes? (Parulidae)

Wood-warbles

What birds would be found in passerifomes? (icteridae)

Blackbird

What birds would be found in passerifomes? (Fringillidae)

Finches

What is the ratio of width to length called

Aspect ratio

Which of the following is NOT part of the avian beak, jaw, and palate?

tibiotarsus

The earliest birds evolved about:

150 million years ago

Which of the following types of bird would have the most muscular gizzard?

Seed eating finch

Which is the most diverse order of birds?

Passeriformes (Perching birds)

The sound-producing structure in birds is called the

Syrinx

Syrinx

A species found in one location and nowhere is else ___________ in that location.

Endemic

The independent evolution of similar adaptations, as seen in the use of wings for submarine flight in both penguins and auks, is known as:

Convergent evolution

Which of the following types of birds is in the group Paleognathae?

 

Ostriches

Which of the following structures is responsible for grinding food?

 

Gizzard

Which of the following characteristics are unique to birds among currently living animals (check all that apply)?

Feathers

Syrinx

The alula is part of the:

Wing

Which of the following evolutionary changes was most recent in the lineage of modern birds?

Loss of teeth

According to the phylogenetic tree above, which taxa do NOT have an alula?

Confuciusornis sanctus

What feature is most indicative that a feather is used for flight?

it is asymmetrical

Which characteristic in modern birds evolved first?

feathers

Gray, black, and brown pigments are produced by

Melanins

The hallux is part of the

Foot

Which taxonomic group is considered the more recent ancestor of birds?

theropod dinosaur

Which of the following types of bird would NOT be considered a part of the group "Neoaves"?

Waterfowl (ducks and geese)

Which muscle is primarily responsible for the powerful downbeat of the wing?

pectoralis majoris

Which wing type best utilizes thermals for soaring?

low aspect ratio, slotted

In the respiratory cycle of birds, the first expiration is into the:

lungs

In their long flights over the ocean, albatrosses use a form of flight called

Dynamic soaring

Which bones are part of the pectoral girdle?

Furcula, coracoid, and scapula

Which muscle is primarily responsible for the recovery stroke (upstroke) during flight?

supracoracoideus

Chemical digestion in birds usually occurs in the

Small intestine

Birds that soar generally have ___________ wing loading.

Low

How many chambers are in a bird heart?

Four

The organ mainly used for physical digestion in the bird is the:

Gizzard