Unit 1 intro to Pharmacy Concepts- ILE 1

kilo (k)

x 10³

deci (d)

x 10^-1

centi ( c )

x 10^-2

mili (m)

x 10^-3

micro (mc)

x 10^-6

nano (n)

x 10^-9

Na

sodium

K

potassium

Cl

chloride

HCO₃ (often charted as CO₂)

bicarbonate

BUN

blood urea nitrogen

Cr or SCr

serum creatinine

Glu

glucose

Ca

calcium

Mg

magnesium

Phos

phosphorus

WBC

White blood cells

Hgb

hemoglobin

Hct

hematocrit

Plt

platelets

What goes in place of A on them chem 7 diagram?

sodium (Na)

What goes in place of B on them chem 7 diagram?

potassium (K)

What goes in place of C on them chem 7 diagram?

Chloride (Cl)

What goes in place of D on them chem 7 diagram?

bicarbonate/CO₂

What goes in place of E on them chem 7 diagram?

blood urea nitrogen

What goes in place of F on them chem 7 diagram?

serum creatine

What goes in place of G on them chem 7 diagram?

glucose

What goes in place of H on them chem 10 diagram?

Calcium (Ca)

What goes in place of I on them chem 10 diagram?

Magnesium (Mg)

What goes in place of J on them chem 10 diagram?

phosphorus (Phos)

What goes in place of K on them CBC diagram?

white blood cells (WBC)

What goes in place of L on them CBC diagram?

hemoglobin (Hgb)

What goes in place of M on them CBC diagram?

hematocrit (Hct)

What goes in place of N on them CBC diagram?

platelets (Plt)

Medication Use Process

Prescribing, transcribing/documenting, dispensing, administering, monitoring

Prescription components

prescriber info and signature, patient information, date, superscription, inscription, signa, special labeling and instructions

Signs

objective, observable, and identifiable by another person (ex: labs and a rash)

symptoms

subjective experience reported by patient (ex: pain from headache)

Indication

clinical reasons a patient might require drug therapy

Efficacy

when medication produces the desired, beneficial effects to meet goals of therapy/ therapeutic outcomes

safety

when medication causes harm such as drug-drug, drug-disease, and drug-food interactions

Adherence

ability and willingness to take medication as prescribed

S in SOAP notes

subjective

O in SOAP notes

objective

A in SOAP notes

Assessment

P in SOAP notes

plan

Protein drug targets

enzymes, receptors, ion channels, and transporters

Genetic Targets

RNA and DNA

Competitive inhibitor

enzyme inhibitor that binds to catalytic site and prevents substrate from binding, thus no more metabolite formed

competitive inhibitor

binds at an allosteric site or regulatory site of an enzyme

when an enzyme is inhibited,

all production is blocked

when a receptor is targeted,

an antagonist blocks all action

absorption

movement or transportation of unchanged drug from site of administration to body circulating system

absorption phase

time till max plasma drug concentration is met and determines the rate of absorption

What is the primary site of GI drug absorption?

small intestine

distribution

movement of drug out of circulation (blood supply)

Volume of distribution (V_d)

degree to which a drug is distributed in body tissue rather than the plasma

Primary sites for drug metabolism

liver and intestine

excretion and elimination

transfer of drug out of the body, primarily by kidney and liver

steady-state concentration (CSS)

when concentration of drug in body stays constant

legend drugs

prescription

schedule drugs

controlled meds with high abuse/ dependence potential

prescription drug order

lawful order of a licensed practitioner for a medication, device, or pharmaceutical care (used in out patient)

subscription

dispensing instructions to pharmacist including amount to dispense

inscription

medication prescried including name, strength, and dosage form

drug

pharmaceutical ingredient

strength

amount of drug in one unit

concentration

amount of drug in a specific volume

drug product

amount of drug in a specific volume

drug product

acive and inactive ingredients

medication titration

slowly increase

medication taper

slowly decrease

SL

sublingual

PR

per rectum

AD

right ear

AS

left ear

AU

both ears

OD

right eye

OS

left eye

OU

both eyes

QD

daily

QOD

every other day

HS or QHS

take at bedtime

AC

take before meds

PC

take after meds

CC

chief complaint

AMI

acute myocardial infraction (heart attack)

Prohylaxis

to prevent condition

Idiopathic

disease, condition, or symptom due to an unknown cause

Morbidity

impact or burden of a disease on patient’s health

co-morbidity

having more than one illness or condition simultaneously

mortality

death

adverse drug reaction (ADR)

harmful, nonpreventable response that occurs with usual use of medication

physiology

functions and activities of the body in a ‘healthy state’

pathology

functions and activities of the body in an abnormal state

epidemiology

incidence, distribution, and control of disease in a population

etiology

causes and origins of diseases

enzymes

catalytic proteins that perform essential cellular metabolism within cells

agonist

promotes production (acts like a substrate)

antagonist

stops production by blocking the binding site and blocking the substrate from binding