ESS Command Verbs

Define

Give the precise meaning of a word, phrase, concept or physical quantity.

Draw

Represent by means of a labelled, accurate diagram or graph using a pencil. A ruler (straight-edge) should be used for straight lines. Diagrams should be drawn to scale. Graphs should have points correctly plotted (if appropriate) and joined in a straight line or smooth curve.

Label

Add labels to a diagram.

List

Give a sequence of brief answers with no explanation.

Measure

Obtain a value for a quantity.

State

Give a specific name, value, or other brief answer without explanation or calculation.

Annotate

Add brief notes to a diagram or graph.

Apply

Use an idea, equation, principle, theory or law in relation to a given issue.

Calculate

Obtain a numerical answer showing the relevant stages in the working.

Describe

Give a detailed account.

Distinguish

Make clear the differences between two or more concepts or ideas.

Identify

Provide an answer from a number of possibilities.

Interpret

Use knowledge and understanding to recognize trends and draw conclusions from given information.

Outline

Give a brief account or summary.

Analyse

Break down in order to bring out the essential elements or structure.

Comment

Give a judgement based on a given statement or result of a calculation.

Compare and Contrast

Give an account of the similarities and differences between two (or more) items or situations, referring to both (all) of them throughout.

Construct

Display information in a diagrammatic or logical form.

Deduce

Reach a conclusion from the information given.

Demonstrate

Make clear by reasoning or evidence, illustrating with examples or practical application.

Design

Produce a plan, simulation or model.

Derive

Manipulate a mathematical relationship to give a new equation or relationship.

Determine

Obtain the only possible answer.

Discuss

Offer a considered and balanced view that includes a range of arguments, factors or hypotheses. Opinions or conclusions should be presented clearly and supported by appropriate evidence.

Evaluate

Make an appraisal by weighing the strengths and limitations.

Examine

Consider an argument or concept in a way that uncovers the assumptions and interrelationships of an issue.

Explain

Give a detailed account including reasons or causes.

Justify

Give valid reasons or evidence to support an answer or conclusion.

Predict

Give an expected result.

Sketch

Represent by means of a diagram or graph (labelled as appropriate). This sketch should give a general idea of the required shape or relationship, and should include relevant features.

Suggest

Provide a solution, hypothesis, or other possible answer.

To what extent

Consider the merits or otherwise of a concept or argument. Opinions and conclusions should be presented clearly and supported with appropriate evidence and sound argument