Genbio

Studysession for genbio quarter 1

Who made the first primitive microscope

Zacharias Janssen

Observed cork cells under microscope

Robert hooke

Disproved the spontaneous generation theory

Francesco Redi

First to observe living cells under a microscope and called it “animacules”

Antony van Leeuwenhoek

Proposed that all plants are made out of cells

Matthias Schleiden

Proposed that all animals are made out of cells

Theodor shwann

Proposed that all cells come from pre-existing cells

Rudolf Virchow

3 principals of a cell

The three principles of cell theory state that all living organisms are composed of cells, the cell is the basic unit of life, and all cells arise from pre-existing cells.

The basic unit of life or building blocks of all living things

Cells

Functions of a cell

• Regulation of internal environment

• Acquisition and utilisation of energy

• Responsiveness to their environment

• Protection and support

Major parts of the cell

include the cell membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm.

Separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment which protects the cell from its environment

Cell membrane/plasma membrane

Generally microscopic, size varies from one organism to another, have specific functions and have structures

Cell

A specialised sub-unit within a cell that have a specific function like protein production, storage of important materials and harvesting energy

Organelle

Entire region of a cell within the plasma membrane and allows the organelles to suspend dynamically

Cytoplasm

Most prominent organelle and is the control center of the cell

Nucleus

An organisms ability to keep a constant internal state

Homeostasis

Plasma membrane consists of the following:

• Phospholipids

• cholesterol

• membrane proteins

• glycolipids

• glycoprotein

Each phospholipid consists of the following:

• hydrophilic head

• hydrophobic tail

Is an important property of the lipid bilayer which it only allows certain molecules to move in and out of the cell

Selective permeability

Passageway of certain molecules

Channel proteins

Change conformation to transport molecules

Carrier protein

Detective invading pathogens

Cell recognition proteins

Binding of molecules to trigger response

Receptor proteins

Consists of long fibers of actin protein and help facilitate cell and organelle

Microfilaments

Helps maintain cell shape and anchors Nucleus

Intermidiate filaments

Retaliate from chromosome and forms spindle fibers that move chromosomes

Microtubules

Rigid structure that surrounds cell membrane

Cell wall

Subway system of the cell

Endoplasmic reticulum

Breaks down damage organelles or suicide bag of the cell

Lysosome

Produce protein for the repair and cell growth

Ribosome

Specialized in synthesizing and breaking down lipids

Peroxisome

Storage area of proteins

Vacuoles

Powerhouse of the cell

Mitochondria

Makes phospholipids for cellular membrane and has ribosomes attached to its surface

Rough ER

Have no attached ribosomes and produces carbohydrates, fats, steroids.

Smooth ER

Packaging center of the cell and distribute lipids and proteins

Golgi body

Single celled organisms of the domains bacteria and archaea

Prokaryotic

Consists of almost all organelles

Eukaryotic

Scientists believed that eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells around

2.7 billion years ago

Found in cytosol

Free ribosome

Attached ourside of the ER of nuclear envelope

Bound ribosomes

Approved that the theory was flawed (spontaneous generation)

Louis Pasteur