CNA ch. 3

Bloodborne pathogens

Microorganisms found in human blood that can cause infection and disease in humans.

Hepatitis

Inflammation of the liver caused by certain viruses and other factors, such as alcohol abuse, some medications, and trauma.

Tuberculosis (TB)

A highly contagious airborne disease caused by a bacterium that is carried on mucous droplets suspended in the air; primarily affects the lungs.

COVID-19

A droplet and airborne disease caused by a coronavirus that is transmitted through droplets and particles produced when an infected person breathes, sneezes, coughs, sings, or talks.

MRSA (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus)

A strain of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria that has developed resistance to methicillin, meaning drugs no longer work to kill the specific bacteria.

VRE (Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus)

Enterococci bacteria that have become resistant to vancomycin, a powerful antibiotic used to treat infections.

Clostridioides difficile (C. diff)

A spore-forming bacterium which can be part of the normal intestinal flora; when altered, it flourishes and produces a toxin that causes watery diarrhea.

Employer Responsibilities for Infection Prevention

Establish infection procedures, provide continuing in-service education, have written post-exposure procedures, provide PPE, and provide free hepatitis B vaccinations.

Employee Responsibilities for Infection Prevention

Follow Standard Precautions, follow facility policies

Physiological Needs

The basic physical human needs required for survival, including food, water, protection

Psychosocial Needs

Human needs involving social interaction, emotions, intellect, and spirituality, including love

Masturbation

To touch or rub sexual organs in order to give oneself or another person sexual pleasure.

Holistic Care

An approach to medical care that means caring for the whole person—the mind as well as the body.

Losses Experienced by Residents

Loss of spouse

Cultural Diversity

The variety of people with different backgrounds and experiences living together in the world.

Positive Responses to Cultural Diversity

Acceptance and knowledge, not bias or prejudice.

Race

Typically refers to physical characteristics shared by a people with common ancestry.

Ethnicity

A combination of race, culture, nationality, language, and other factors.

Ageism

Prejudice toward, stereotyping of, and

Developmental Disabilities

Disabilities that are present at birth or emerge during childhood, up to age 22, which restrict physical and

Depression

A depressive disorder characterized by a loss of interest in everything a person once cared about, which may interfere with the person's ability to work, sleep, and eat.

Bipolar Disorder

A mood and related disorder that causes a person to have mood swings and changes in energy levels and the ability to function.

Anxiety

Uneasiness, worry, or fear, often about a situation or condition.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

An anxiety disorder characterized by chronic anxiety and worry, even when there is no reason for concern.

Panic Disorder

An anxiety disorder characterized by panic attacks, which are episodes of intense fear along with physical symptoms like a rapid heartbeat, chest pain, and shortness of breath.

Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia)

An anxiety disorder involving intense anxiety and extreme discomfort in social situations.

Phobia

An intense, irrational fear of or anxiety about an object, place, or situation.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

A disorder characterized by intrusive behavior or thoughts that cause anxiety or stress.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

A trauma and stressor-related disorder caused by experiencing a traumatic event, such as being a victim of a violent crime or being involved in combat.

Schizophrenia

A brain disorder that affects a person's ability to think and communicate clearly, manage emotions, make decisions, and understand reality.

Hallucinations

False or distorted sensory perceptions, such as seeing or hearing something that is not real.

Delusions

Persistent false beliefs, such as a person believing that other people are controlling their thoughts.

Psychotherapy

A method of treating mental health disorders that involves talking about one's problems with mental health professionals.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

A type of psychotherapy that is often used to treat anxiety and depression by focusing on skills and solutions to modify negative thinking and behavior patterns.

Terminal Illness

A disease or condition that will eventually cause death.

Grief

Deep distress or sorrow over a loss; a changing process that involves healing and moving back and forth between stages.

Denial

The stage of grief where people may refuse to believe they are dying, often avoiding discussion about their illness.

Advance Directives

Legal documents that allow people to decide what kind of medical care they wish to have if they are unable to make those decisions themselves.

Living Will

A document outlining the medical care a person wants, or does not want, in case they become unable to make those decisions.

Durable Power of Attorney for Health Care

A signed, dated, and witnessed legal document that appoints someone else to make medical decisions for a person if they become unable to do so.

Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) Order

A medical order telling medical professionals not to perform CPR if the person's heartbeat or breathing stops.

Cheyne-Stokes Respirations

Alternating periods of slow, irregular respirations and rapid, shallow respirations, along with short periods of not breathing.

Postmortem Care

Care of the body after death, which takes place after a resident has been declared dead by a nurse or doctor.

Palliative Care

Care given to people who have serious, chronic diseases (like cancer or congestive heart failure) focusing on pain relief, comfort, and dignity rather than recovery.

Hospice Care

Special, compassionate care given 24 hours a day for dying people and their families when goals focus on comfort rather than recovery.