CRW - Ch 3 Verbal Communication

What is a symbol in the context of language?
A) A direct representation of an object, like a hieroglyph.
B) Something that stands in for or represents something else, such as a word or gesture.
C) A rule that governs grammar in sentences.
D) A cultural norm for politeness rituals.

B) Something that stands in for or represents something else, such as a word or gesture.

What does the triangle of meaning model illustrate?
A) The relationship among thought (concept), symbol (word), and referent (object/idea), highlighting indirect connections that can lead to misunderstanding.
B) The direct link between words and objects.
C) The rules of grammar for sentence construction.
D) The process of language acquisition from birth.

A) The relationship among thought (concept), symbol (word), and referent (object/idea), highlighting indirect connections that can lead to misunderstanding.

What is denotation in language definitions?
A) Emotional associations with a word based on experience.
B) A cultural bias in language use.
C) The process of creating new words through blending.

D) The dictionary or agreed-on meaning of a word, such as "cowboy" as a cattle handler.

What is connotation in language definitions?
A) The dictionary meaning of a word.
B) The rules for pronouncing words.

D) A stage in language acquisition.

C) Emotional or experience-based associations, such as "change" having positive or negative feelings.

What is grammar in the context of language rules?
A) The emotional tone of a conversation.
B) The rules governing how words form phrases and sentences, making language learnable.
C) A type of figurative language like metaphor.
D) A cultural norm for turn-taking.

B) The rules governing how words form phrases and sentences, making language learnable.

What is displacement in language?
A) The ability to talk about immediate events only.
B) The process of code-switching in conversations.
C) A bias in language toward certain cultural groups.
D) The capacity to discuss events removed in space or time, unique to humans.

D) The capacity to discuss events removed in space or time, unique to humans.

What is a dialect in language variation?
A) A style of pronunciation only.
B) A new word created by blending old ones.

D) A euphemism for taboo topics.

C) A version of a language with distinct words, grammar, and pronunciation, often based on region or class.

What is accommodation in communication?
A) Adapting communication to fit contexts, such as convergence (making styles similar) or divergence (emphasizing differences).
B) Ignoring cultural differences in language.
C) A type of hate speech.
D) The process of language acquisition.

A) Adapting communication to fit contexts, such as convergence (making styles similar) or divergence (emphasizing differences).

What is the expressive function of language?
A) To control others through directives.
B) To communicate observations, thoughts, feelings, and needs, helping meet personal and relational needs.
C) To create humor through word games.
D) To adapt to cultural contexts.

B) To communicate observations, thoughts, feelings, and needs, helping meet personal and relational needs.

What is the powerful function of language?
A) To express identities and affect credibility, serve as a means of control, and perform actions.
B) To bring people together through shared slang.
C) To regulate conversational flow.
D) To describe the process of language acquisition.

A) To express identities and affect credibility, serve as a means of control, and perform actions.

What is the fun function of language?
A) To enforce ethical communication.
B) To enable word games, humor, and creativity through limitlessness, like palindromes or metaphors.
C) To express cultural biases.
D) To define words clearly.

B) To enable word games, humor, and creativity through limitlessness, like palindromes or metaphors.

What is the dynamic function of language?
A) To maintain social norms.
B) To perform actions like promises.
C) To change through neologisms (new words) and slang, reflecting cultural shifts.
D) To describe observations only.

C) To change through neologisms (new words) and slang, reflecting cultural shifts.

What is the relational function of language?
A) To create whole messages for clarity.
B) To regulate turn-taking in conversations.
C) To evoke emotions figuratively.
D) To bring people together via shared language or separate them through unsupportive messages.

D) To bring people together via shared language or separate them through unsupportive messages.

What occurs in the prenatal and early infancy stage (0–2 months)?
A) Infants babble and associate words with behaviors.
B) Exposure begins in utero; newborns respond to tones and caregiver interactions.
C) Vocabulary explodes with phrases.
D) Pronunciation refines and grammar is internalized.

B) Exposure begins in utero; newborns respond to tones and caregiver interactions.

What happens in the babbling and recognition stage (2–6 months)?
A) Infants use melodic utterances and follow conversations.
B) Infants babble (practice sounds) and associate words like "bye-bye" with behaviors.
C) Everyday competence is reached.
D) Language declines due to trauma.

B) Infants babble (practice sounds) and associate words like "bye-bye" with behaviors.

What occurs in the first words and interactions stage (6–12 months)?
A) Infants recognize words (e.g., names), use pointing, and learn rituals like greetings.
B) Pronunciation develops fully.
C) Vocabulary reaches 300 words.
D) Cultural norms are embedded.

A) Infants recognize words (e.g., names), use pointing, and learn rituals like greetings.

What happens in the intense practice and expansion stage (1–2 years)?
A) Brain development tunes senses.
B) Language acquisition ends.
C) Slang and creativity emerge.
D) Vocabulary explodes (50–300 words); trial-and-error speech and phrase combining occur.

D) Vocabulary explodes (50–300 words); trial-and-error speech and phrase combining occur.

What occurs in the phonetic and grammatical development stage (3–5 years)?
A) Infants respond to tones.
B) Adulthood shapes further development.
C) Pronunciation refines; grammar rules are internalized; expressive repertoire grows.
D) Barriers like disorders affect progress.

C) Pronunciation refines; grammar rules are internalized; expressive repertoire grows.

What happens in adulthood and ongoing influence?
A) Everyday competence is reached by teens; shaped by career/education; can decline with trauma.
B) Infants babble for the first time.
C) Vocabulary explodes in phrases.
D) Cultural differences emerge in sound patterns.

A) Everyday competence is reached by teens; shaped by career/education; can decline with trauma