Readings in Philippine History - Lecture Overview

A collection of vocabulary-style flashcards covering Philippine education laws, national heroes, elements of civilization, historical methodology, and the first circumnavigation of the world.

Republic Act No. $7722$

The Higher Education Act of $1994$ which established the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) and separated higher education from DepEd.

Republic Act No. $10533$

The Enhanced Basic Education Act of $2013$, which expanded Philippine basic education from $10$ to $12$ years (K to $12$ program).

Republic Act No. $1425$

The Rizal Law of $1956$, proposed by Claro M. Recto and Jose P. Laurel, requiring all college programs to study the life and works of Jose Rizal.

CMO No. $59$, Series of $1996$

The General Education Curriculum (GEC-A) consisting of $63$ units designed for HUMSS and Communication students.

CMO No. $20$, Series of $2013$

The GEC aligned to the K-12 program that reduced total units to $36$ and introduced interdisciplinary subjects like Readings in Philippine History (RPH).

Agham, Teknolohiya at Lipunan

The Filipino translation for the course Science, Technology, and Society.

Executive Order No. $75$, Series of $1993$

An order signed by President Fidel V. Ramos establishing the National Heroes Committee to evaluate and recommend historical figures as national heroes.

Melchora Aquino

One of the $2$ heroines among the group of $9$ Philippine National Heroes, born in Balintawak, Quezon City.

Huang Ho River

Also known as the Yellow River or China’s Sorrow, it is a key geographic feature that shaped every major dynasty in Chinese history.

Indus River

The location where the Harappan Civilization originated, known for advanced metallurgy and urban planning.

Megalithic Monuments

An element of civilization consisting of massive public buildings, such as temples or pyramids, constructed by organized labor.

Kasaysayan

The systematic, evidence-based study of the human past, constructed through the rigorous examination of historical sources.

Primaryang Batis

Primary sources, or firsthand accounts and original records created by individuals who directly witnessed or participated in an event.

Sekundaryang Batis

Secondary sources, which consist of analyses, interpretations, or evaluations created by researchers who did not directly witness the events.

Kritikang Panlabas

External Criticism, focusing on the authenticity and genuineness (Kapanaligan at Katunayan) of a historical source, asking if it is a fake or forgery.

Kritikang Panloob

Internal Criticism, focusing on the credibility and truthfulness (Kapaniwalaan at Katotohanan) of the content within a historical source.

Homonhon Incident

The landing of Magellan’s crew on March $16$-$17$, $1521$, where local ancestors showed compassion and hospitality by nursing the starving crew back to health.

Battle of Mactan

The conflict on April $27$, $1521$, where Lapulapu and the warriors of Mactan resisted Spanish subjugation, resulting in the death of Ferdinand Magellan.

Antonio Pigafetta

The Italian chronicler whose detailed journal serves as the primary source documenting the Spanish expedition's encounter with native Filipinos.

Juan Sebastian Elcano

The captain who assumed command after Magellan’s death and successfully navigated the ship Victoria back to Spain, completing the first global circumnavigation.