integumentary system

what are the five functions of the skin

Protection (physical), regulation(body temp), sensation(nerves), excretion(sweat), synthesis(Vitamin D)

main layers of skin

epidermis- stratified squamous, avascular, 4 or 5 layers, top layer

dermis- squamous epithelial, blood vessels, hair, sweat, 2 layers, structural support

subcutaneous/hypodermis- connects tissue to bones and muscles, insulates the body

what effects color of skin

mainly melanin + carotene and hemoglobin

describe 3 types of muscle

cardiac- found in the heart, pumps blood

smooth- controls various involuntary movements

skeletal- voluntary movements/moving bones

Name layers of epidermis (deep to superficial)

Stratum Basale, Stratum spinosum, Stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum

cyanosis

A condition caused by prolonged reduction in oxygen where your skin turns blueish because of deoxyhemoglobin becomes dominate in blood

erythema

redness of the skin caused by increased blood flow which is usually from inflammation, injury, infection, or allergic reaction

Jaundice

Yellowing of the skin typically caused by liver problems

Pallor

abnormal paleness in the skin caused by decrease in amount of red blood cells or hemoglobin in blood

how deep does each grade of burn effect

1st- only epidermis

2nd- epidermis and partial dermis

3rd- full epidermis and dermis

explain the 3 main types of skin cancer

Basel cell carcinoma- most common, least malignant, stratum Basel layer

Squamous cell carcinoma- stratum spinosum, sun induced, will spread

malignant melanoma- most fatal, spreads rapidly, uses ABCD rule

ABCD rule

A (asymmetry) - two sides of a pigmented mole don’t match

B (boarder irregularity) - boarders of mole aren’t smooth

C (color) - different colors in pigmented area

D (diameter) - spot is larger than 6mm in diameter

Hyperplasia

The increase in NUMBER of cells in a tissue or organ

Hypertrophy

The increase in size of each INDIVIDUAL cell in a tissue or organ

Necrosis

The accidental death of cells and tissues

Apoptosis

The purposeful death of cells of a cell that no longer needed

Atrophy

Loss of mass and function mainly in muscle

Neoplasia

abnormal and excessive growth of tissue

hyperhidrosis

a condition characterized by excessive sweating beyond what’s needed for body temp regulation

Alopecia

Medical term for hair loss or hair thinning

Hirsutism

Condition characterized by excessive male pattern hair growth in women

Bromhidrosis

condition of excessivly strong body odor

what % of body weight is from the skin

15-16%