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Greece
what is the birth place of classical civilization
city states
The greeks are main contributors in politics because of their ____ ____; these acted as their own countries
theocracy
a system of government in which priests rule in the name of God or a god.
Polytheism
The greeks believed in ____, there were multiple gods of olympus (zeus, hera, athena, ares, neptune, etc.)
mythology
the greek's religion had ____ with the gods which taught life lessons and tried to explain forces, this kept people grounded
theatre, art(sculptures), architecture, education (philosophy) , storytelling, astronomy, geometry
what are some of the legacies of the classical greeks
greece, rome, Byzantine
what were the main contributors in the classical era
Socratic Method
Socrates founded what ? greek legacy
plato
who created the idea of a philosopher king
Roman Empire
huge territory run by emperor Julius caesar and Octavian Caesar
cultural
The Roman empire had many conquests which lead to ___ diffusion, making mixed languages
military, literature, RELIGION
legacies of Roman Empire
monarchy
a form of government with a monarch at the head.
aristocracy
A government in which power is in the hands of a hereditary ruling class or nobility
direct democracy
A form of government in which citizens rule directly and not through representatives
oligarchy
a small group of people having control of a country, organization, or institution. RICH MERCHANTS -not inherited
Roman Empire
went west and conquered most of Europe
roman soldiers
had mixed babies with tribal women eventually bringing about english, Spanish, french, etc.
feudalism
A political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land , "dark system", little social mobility, discriminatory
The crusades
set of religious holy wars that were fought by Christians, muslims, and Jews for control of the holy land; these people want to go to heaven they moved to the east (god, glory, and gold)
black death causes
cold weather = bad harvest = malnourishment, many ship carried cargo that carries vermin which carried pathogens
black death effects
2/3 of Europe's pop. was killed, shortage on goods caused inflation, more people joined the catholic faith
Rome
who had the three branches of government
crusades, Jesus, people believed that heaven was great
why was the middle ages also known as the age of faith
lack of advances, fall of roman empire, feudalism
why was the middle ages also known as the dark ages?
Class Divisons
how was feudalism social
based on jobs and wealth
how was feudalism economic
method for king to make and force laws, unifying force
how was feudalism political
political
medieval woman could inherit property and run manor in husband absence, woman were used for _____ marriages, serf woman had more freedom.
renaissance
rebirth
1374-1600s
what years did the renaissance occur
italy
where did the ren start
classical civilization
what was the renaissance the rebirth of
classicism
what was the new mindset of the renaissance
trade and travel
what is the mediterranean sea good for
-location on the mediterranean sea
-medici family
-ruins of roman empire were here
reasons the ren. started in italy
Medici Family
family got rich through trade and banking
influence the whole peninsula and controlled politics
cosmo de medici
-leader and patriarch of fam
-paid artists to make works of his fam to make him look powerful
-patron of art
-paid people to beautify the city of florence
very competitive through trade; were advancing
how were the politics on the Italian peninsula
florence, milan, venice, kingdom of 2 sicily's, papal states
5 main nations
oligarchy
milan, florence, venice gov
monarchy
kingdom of 2 sicily's gov
pope
papal states is owned by
merchant success and trade
what was crucial for italy's survival to be competetive
court life
what developed in palaces of the main cities
francesco petrarch
historian; FATHER of renaissance; patriarch; ideas and writings inspired; obsession with classical past and wanted to rebirth all of Greece/ roman; came up with name for dark ages; head of network of scholars that wanted to rebirth the classical past and provided safe haven for byzantine scholars evacuating from holy land
Byzantine Empire
who preserved greco roman
roman works, art, papers
what did the scholars evacuating the muslims invading the holy land bring with them
compared it with the bible (textual criticism)
what did petrarch do to the works the byzantine scholars brought over
that maybe the catholic church does not have the answers to everything
what did Petrarch conclude from examining the bible with works of roman empire
humanism
focus of human potential and achievements; human nature and achievements were worthy for contemplation, different mindset
marsillo ficino, pico della mirandola, balsassare castiglione
positive humanists that took the side of humans and thought humans were good
property of husband, watch kids, seen as childlike, should be seen not heard
what roles did females play in society
Baldassare Castiglione
wrote the courtier in 1528
the courtier
suggests certain behaviors from men and women to be renaissance people
renaissance men
can do anything; smart, handsome, artistic, athletic
cant create art; inspire art and be patronesses
what were women meant to do in art terms
Nicolo Machiavelli
negative humanist; believed humans were evil and corrupt; observed politics on the italian peninsula (crazy corrupt, competitive)
republic but needed a dictator or tyrant to achieve that
what type of gov did machiavelli believe was best
through the printing press
how did renaissance spread north
Johaness gutenburg
who created the printing press
1440
what year was printing press made
bibles, newspapers, biographies, laws, politcal cartoons
what did the printing press print alot of
major change in technology and literacy rates go up
what did the printing press cause
Northern Renaissance
more conservative artwork; still focused on Catholic church
southern renaissance
open and liberal; dressed for warm weather and more founded on secularism
christian humanism
blend of catholic virtues (faith, hope, love) with classicism and humanism
erasmus
wanted to reform society and and church (catholic church was a little corrupt); northern humanist; infuenced many; known as greatest scholar of northern ren
thomas more
reformed society and church; wrote utopia
utopia
place that was perfect; no socio-economic problems; everyone was equal; free from greed--> shares wealth
-vernacular
-humanism
-northern writers
-printing press
-secularism
-traveling scholars
6 things that spread the renaissance
vernacular
books in local dialect and language in which people spoke
da vinci
patron was medici--> painted mona lisa and last supper
donnatello
obsessed with human body, form, and motion--> sculpted david
Rapheal
patron was the pope--> painted lots of frescos and school of athens
Michealangelo
artist, scientist; renaissance man--> painted sistine chapel
bright colors, oil paint, detail, 3D, horizon line, vanishing point, chiascuro
artistic techniques
naturalism art
realistic art in natural setings
rich people
who could afford realism and naturalism art
polymaths
another name for renaissance man
gothic cathedrals, gargoyles
examples of northern architecture
wealthy commoners
Ren Social class: have made their money through skill or trade--> own their own business, can include artists, shipping, merchants(rich from trade in New World), army
Lower Class
Ren Social Class: the MAJORITY, unskilled workers, peasants, servants, farm laborers
Beauacracy
this when the king would remove the aristocrats and elevate the commoners--> they wouldn't rebel against the king (smart leadership)
Scholars from states
end of Bubonic Plague
Petrarch
List things that caused the Renaissance (not all listed)
Printing Press
vernacular
List some of the ways the renaissance was spreading throughout Europe
Note 
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