ap euro midterm

Greece

what is the birth place of classical civilization

city states

The greeks are main contributors in politics because of their ____ ____; these acted as their own countries

theocracy

a system of government in which priests rule in the name of God or a god.

Polytheism

The greeks believed in ____, there were multiple gods of olympus (zeus, hera, athena, ares, neptune, etc.)

mythology

the greek's religion had ____ with the gods which taught life lessons and tried to explain forces, this kept people grounded

theatre, art(sculptures), architecture, education (philosophy) , storytelling, astronomy, geometry

what are some of the legacies of the classical greeks

greece, rome, Byzantine

what were the main contributors in the classical era

Socratic Method

Socrates founded what ? greek legacy

plato

who created the idea of a philosopher king

Roman Empire

huge territory run by emperor Julius caesar and Octavian Caesar

cultural

The Roman empire had many conquests which lead to ___ diffusion, making mixed languages

military, literature, RELIGION

legacies of Roman Empire

monarchy

a form of government with a monarch at the head.

aristocracy

A government in which power is in the hands of a hereditary ruling class or nobility

direct democracy

A form of government in which citizens rule directly and not through representatives

oligarchy

a small group of people having control of a country, organization, or institution. RICH MERCHANTS -not inherited

Roman Empire

went west and conquered most of Europe

roman soldiers

had mixed babies with tribal women eventually bringing about english, Spanish, french, etc.

feudalism

A political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land , "dark system", little social mobility, discriminatory

The crusades

set of religious holy wars that were fought by Christians, muslims, and Jews for control of the holy land; these people want to go to heaven they moved to the east (god, glory, and gold)

black death causes

cold weather = bad harvest = malnourishment, many ship carried cargo that carries vermin which carried pathogens

black death effects

2/3 of Europe's pop. was killed, shortage on goods caused inflation, more people joined the catholic faith

Rome

who had the three branches of government

crusades, Jesus, people believed that heaven was great

why was the middle ages also known as the age of faith

lack of advances, fall of roman empire, feudalism

why was the middle ages also known as the dark ages?

Class Divisons

how was feudalism social

based on jobs and wealth

how was feudalism economic

method for king to make and force laws, unifying force

how was feudalism political

political

medieval woman could inherit property and run manor in husband absence, woman were used for _____ marriages, serf woman had more freedom.

renaissance

rebirth

1374-1600s

what years did the renaissance occur

italy

where did the ren start

classical civilization

what was the renaissance the rebirth of

classicism

what was the new mindset of the renaissance

trade and travel

what is the mediterranean sea good for

-location on the mediterranean sea

-medici family

-ruins of roman empire were here

reasons the ren. started in italy

Medici Family

family got rich through trade and banking

influence the whole peninsula and controlled politics

cosmo de medici

-leader and patriarch of fam

-paid artists to make works of his fam to make him look powerful

-patron of art

-paid people to beautify the city of florence

very competitive through trade; were advancing

how were the politics on the Italian peninsula

florence, milan, venice, kingdom of 2 sicily's, papal states

5 main nations

oligarchy

milan, florence, venice gov

monarchy

kingdom of 2 sicily's gov

pope

papal states is owned by

merchant success and trade

what was crucial for italy's survival to be competetive

court life

what developed in palaces of the main cities

francesco petrarch

historian; FATHER of renaissance; patriarch; ideas and writings inspired; obsession with classical past and wanted to rebirth all of Greece/ roman; came up with name for dark ages; head of network of scholars that wanted to rebirth the classical past and provided safe haven for byzantine scholars evacuating from holy land

Byzantine Empire

who preserved greco roman

roman works, art, papers

what did the scholars evacuating the muslims invading the holy land bring with them

compared it with the bible (textual criticism)

what did petrarch do to the works the byzantine scholars brought over

that maybe the catholic church does not have the answers to everything

what did Petrarch conclude from examining the bible with works of roman empire

humanism

focus of human potential and achievements; human nature and achievements were worthy for contemplation, different mindset

marsillo ficino, pico della mirandola, balsassare castiglione

positive humanists that took the side of humans and thought humans were good

property of husband, watch kids, seen as childlike, should be seen not heard

what roles did females play in society

Baldassare Castiglione

wrote the courtier in 1528

the courtier

suggests certain behaviors from men and women to be renaissance people

renaissance men

can do anything; smart, handsome, artistic, athletic

cant create art; inspire art and be patronesses

what were women meant to do in art terms

Nicolo Machiavelli

negative humanist; believed humans were evil and corrupt; observed politics on the italian peninsula (crazy corrupt, competitive)

republic but needed a dictator or tyrant to achieve that

what type of gov did machiavelli believe was best

through the printing press

how did renaissance spread north

Johaness gutenburg

who created the printing press

1440

what year was printing press made

bibles, newspapers, biographies, laws, politcal cartoons

what did the printing press print alot of

major change in technology and literacy rates go up

what did the printing press cause

Northern Renaissance

more conservative artwork; still focused on Catholic church

southern renaissance

open and liberal; dressed for warm weather and more founded on secularism

christian humanism

blend of catholic virtues (faith, hope, love) with classicism and humanism

erasmus

wanted to reform society and and church (catholic church was a little corrupt); northern humanist; infuenced many; known as greatest scholar of northern ren

thomas more

reformed society and church; wrote utopia

utopia

place that was perfect; no socio-economic problems; everyone was equal; free from greed--> shares wealth

-vernacular

-humanism

-northern writers

-printing press

-secularism

-traveling scholars

6 things that spread the renaissance

vernacular

books in local dialect and language in which people spoke

da vinci

patron was medici--> painted mona lisa and last supper

donnatello

obsessed with human body, form, and motion--> sculpted david

Rapheal

patron was the pope--> painted lots of frescos and school of athens

Michealangelo

artist, scientist; renaissance man--> painted sistine chapel

bright colors, oil paint, detail, 3D, horizon line, vanishing point, chiascuro

artistic techniques

naturalism art

realistic art in natural setings

rich people

who could afford realism and naturalism art

polymaths

another name for renaissance man

gothic cathedrals, gargoyles

examples of northern architecture

wealthy commoners

Ren Social class: have made their money through skill or trade--> own their own business, can include artists, shipping, merchants(rich from trade in New World), army

Lower Class

Ren Social Class: the MAJORITY, unskilled workers, peasants, servants, farm laborers

Beauacracy

• this when the king would remove the aristocrats and elevate the commoners--> they wouldn't rebel against the king (smart leadership)

• Scholars from states

• end of Bubonic Plague

• Petrarch

List things that caused the Renaissance (not all listed)

• Printing Press

• vernacular

List some of the ways the renaissance was spreading throughout Europe