Introduction to Thermodynamics and Ideal Gas Law

These flashcards cover the key concepts and definitions related to thermodynamics, ideal gas law, and associated laws and systems.

What is the ideal gas law formula?

PV = nRT

What is the universal gas constant R?

R = 8.314 J K-1 mol-1

What does the first law of thermodynamics state?

The internal energy of an isolated system is constant.

What is entropy according to the second law of thermodynamics?

Equilibrium states are states of maximum entropy.

What is Boyle's Law?

P ∝ 1/V (at constant n and T)

What is Charles' Law?

V ∝ T (at constant n and P)

What distinguishes an open system from a closed system?

An open system allows both matter and energy transfer, while a closed system allows energy transfer but not matter transfer.

What happens to a droplet of ink in water over time?

It will spread out and become evenly distributed, demonstrating an increase in entropy.

What is a homogeneous system?

A system with a single phase (all gas, liquid, or solid) present.

What are the state variables used to characterize a system?

Volume (V), temperature (T), internal energy (U), entropy (S), number of molecules (n), pressure (P).