APUSH Period 4 Anchors

Thomas Jefferson

The third president of the United States, elected in 1800.  From the Democratic-Republican Party.  He changed his strict constructionist view of the Constitution in order to double the size of the United States with the Louisiana Purchase.

James Madison

The fourth president of the United States, from the Democratic-Republican Party,.  He was most known for getting America involved in the War of 1812 against the British.

James Monroe

The fifth president of the United States and a Democratic-Republican.  He is best known for the Monroe Doctrine which told Europe to stay out of the Western Hemisphere.

Henry Clay

leader of the Whigs, he was an architect of the American System that emphasized internal improvements, a protective tariff, and the 2^nd National Bank.  He was known as the Great Compromiser and played a role in the Missouri Compromise, the compromise that ended the Nullification Crises, and the Compromise of 1850.

Andrew Jackson

The 7^th president of the United States, he was elected in 1828 and represented the Democratic Party.   His time period was known as “The Age of Jackson”.  He was known as a president of the “common man”.  He vetoed the 2^nd National Bank, ignored the court case, “Worcester v. Georgia” and instigated the “Trail of Tears”.  His vice president, John C. Calhoun, stepped down due to the “Tariff of Abominations” and caused the Nullification Crisis.  

John C. Calhoun

An ardent supporter of southern state’s rights, he was once Vice-President for Andrew Jackson but resigned over the “Tariff of Abominations”.  He opposed any limitations on slavery.

John Marshall

The fourth Supreme Court Chief Justice of the United States, Marshall expanded the powers of the Federal Government and cemented the separation of powers with cases like Marbury v. Madison, McCulloch v. Maryland, and Gibbons v. Ogden.

Eli Whitney

He is credited with  the concept of Interchangeable parts and the invention of the Cotton Gin

Henry David Thoreau

A leading writer of the Transcendentalist movement (part of the American Romantic movement.  He is best known for writing “Walden” which glorified naturalist living.  

William Lloyd Garrison

 A leading abolitionist, he published the anti-slavery newspaper, “The Liberator”.  He advocated for the immediate  liberation of slaves.  

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

She was a leading advocate for women’s rights.  She was a founder of the Senecan Falls Convention of 1848 and was the primary writer of the Declaration of Sentiments” where she called for women’s rights, especially the right to vote.

Fredrick Douglass

An escaped slave who taught himself how to read and write.  He became a leading abolitionist and wrote an auto biography entitled “ The Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass, and American slave.”

Louisiana Purchase

Bought by Jefferson from France for approximately 15 million.  This nearly doubled the size of America and made Jefferson change his strict constructionist view of the Constitution.

Marburg V. Madison

John Marshall’s decision that established the policy of “judicial review” that gives the Supreme Court the right to declare laws written by congress to be unconstitutional.

The War of 1812

Often called the second American Revolutionary War.  We fought Britain to end impressment and to try and gain land from Canada.  Although America is credited as the “winner” of this war, we really achieved no territorial gains nor the promise from Britain that impressment would end.  This initiated an “Era of Good Feelings” as American nationalism grew.  

The Erie Canal

The brain child of New York governor Dewitt Clinton, the canal connects Lake Erie to the Hudson River.  This connected New York City to the western states and played a big role in the market revolution by dropping the cost of goods and making NYC an economic powerhouse.

The American System

An economic program devised by henry Clay to bolster the economic system of America.  It was a three part plan to build the nations infrastructure like canals and roads, increase protective tariffs, and support the second Bank of the United States.

The Second Great Awakening

This was a protestant religious revival movement that was based on self reflection, individualism and free will.  This differed from the First Great Awakening which was led by the Calvinist Tradition based on Predestination.  This Second movement was more inspired by Methodism which stressed man’s free will to come to God. This movement inspired many reform movements like Abolitionism.

Seneca Falls Convention

The first women’s rights convention held in 1848.

The Market Revolution

The process by which America became a market based economy.  The factory driven East became connected to the Agricultural and rural West.

Monroe Doctrine

The proclamation by President Monroe that Europe needs to stay out ot the Western Hemisphere.

The Missouri Compromise

An attempt in 1820 to keep slave states and free states balanced.  Missouri came in slave while Maine came in free.  The 36-30 line was created to divide the rest of the land of the Louisiana Territory that land north would be free and land south would be slave.

Cotton Gin

Invented by Eli Whitney, it sped up the process of removing seeds from the cotton fiber making it quicker to process cotton making it far more profitable.  It increased the use of slavery in the South and tied that South to the Northern textile factories.

Cult of Domesticity

The idea that a woman’s place was at the home and it was seen as a place of pride for middle class women that came out of the idea of Republican motherhood.

Tariff Abominations

The term given by southern politicians like John C. Calhoun who believed the tariff of 1828 hurt the southern economy.

The Nullification Crisis

The crisis that emerged over the tariff of abominations.  John C. Calhoun resigned as Vice President over this issue and said that states should be able to nullify Federal laws.  President Jackson threatened war over the issue but a compromise tariff devised by Henry Clay eventually ended the crisis.

Worcester v. Georgia

A Supreme court case decision by John Marshall that said it was unconstitutional for the federal government to remove Indians from their land.

Trail of Tears

Andrew Jackson forced the Cherokee Indians to march over 800 miles off their native land in Georgia to reservation land in present day Oklahoma.  Thousands died along the way due to starvation.

Spoils System

The system started by Andrew Jackson to hire your loyal party members to important positions in the government.

Temperance Movement

The movement to end the sale and consumption of alcohol because it was believed to be responsible for many social problems.  Middle class women were often the leaders of these movements.

Abolition Movement

the movement to end slavery in America.

American Romanticism

An art movement that focused on individualism, self reflection, and nature.

Transcendentalism

 A literary branch of Romanticism that focused on nature and human perfectionism.  Led by Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau.

The panic of 1819

The first widespread financial crisis which resulted from the world economy trying to right itself after the wars of the French Revolution.  Many blamed the Second Bank of the US.