Skeletal System

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21 Terms

1
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What are the functions of the skeletal system?
Provides physical support, protection, movement, mineral storage (calcium)
2
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What are the types of tissue in the skeletal system
Bone - cells in a solid matrix; cartilage - cells in a semisolid matrix
3
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What are the types of cartilage?
Hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage, elastic cartilage
4
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What is hyaline cartilage made of? And define it
* Chondrocytes,
* Lacuna,
* Semisolid extracellular matrix,
* Perichondrium,
* Avascular;

Most common type, strong but flexible
5
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What is the perichondrium?
Dense irregular connective tissues; has blood vessels to nourish cartilage
6
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Define fibrocartilage (what is in it and where is it located?)
* Chondrocytes,
* Lacuna,
* ECM (with lots of collage fibers),
* NO perchondrium;

located in intervertebral disks, menisci of the knee, pubic symphasis
7
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Define elastic cartilage
* Chondrocytes,
* Lacunae,
* ECM (lots of elastic fibers),
* Perichondrium;

Located in epiglottis and ear
8
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In what ways does cartilage grow
Appositional growth and interstitial growth
9
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Define appositional growth
Growth from the outside, done by chondroblast (located in the perichondrium)
10
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What does a chondroblast do?
Make more ECM and trap themselves inside a lacuna
11
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What is the difference between chondroblasts and Chondrocytes
Chondroblast - are not in a lacuna;

Chondrocytes are in a lacuna
12
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Define interstitial growth
Growth from the inside, chondrocytes divide and make new lacunae and ECM
13
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What are the types of bone tissue?
Spongy bone - made of trabeculae;

Compact bone - made of osteons
14
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What is the anatomy of an osteon (from top to bottom)
* Central Canal,
* Artery,
* Vein,
* Nerve,
* Lymph vessel,
* Endosteum,
* Concentric lamellae - rings of rigid ECM, store and create tricalcium phosphate and calcium carbonate,
* Collagen fibers - provide tensile strength to the bone,
* Osteocytes - make the ECM,
* Lacunae - protect osteocytes from ECM,
* Canaliculi - share oxygen and nutrients with cells; allow cells to communicate (in bones)
15
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What aids the Communication of Osteons
Concentric, interstitial, and circumforential lamellae;

Perforating canals - allows blood vessels to travel

Periosteum
16
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Define the periosteum
Outermost layer of the bone (outside surface)
17
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What are trabeculae?
Store red bone marrow (where new blood cells are formed)
18
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What is hematopoiesis?
The formation of new blood cells
19
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What makes up spongy bone?
* Lamallae,
* Osteocytes in lacunae,
* Canaliculi,
* Endosteum,
* Osteoblasts,
* Osteoclasts
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What is the difference between osteoblasts and osteoclasts?
Osteoblasts lay down the ECM;

Osteoclasts destroy ECM
21
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What is the anatomy of a long bone?
* Epiphysis,
* Diaphysis,
* Compact bone - makes bones strong,
* Spongy bone - stores red marrow,
* Epiphyseal plate (growth plate hyaline cartilage),
* Epiphyseal line - where we stop growing (compact bone),
* Medullary cavity - yellow marrow, adipose tissue (stores fat),
* Periosteum- lines everywhere that does not articulate with another bone (rough surface),
* Articular cartilage - hyaline cartilage, reduces friction (smooth surface)