Immuno Chapter 12 Pt 3 - Vaccine additives

what "helps" stimulate the immune system, increasing the immune repose to the vaccine?

adjuvants

you don't want your adjuvant to be ___________

immunogenic

how do adjuvants cause mild inflammation?

attract phagocytes, accelerates phagocyte activation, accelerate antigen presentation to T cells

types of adjuvants

alum, oil-emulsion, TLR agonists, combination

what type of adjuvant has a "respiratory effect" and slows the release of Ag for longer response time?

alum

alum adjuvant can cause inflammation, resulting in....

longer lasting immunity and possible Th1 response

issues associated with alum adjuvant

contact dermatitis, headache, arthralgia, myalgia, mediates Th2 response causing over-reaction

what type of adjuvant induces strong response including local cell death and production of danger signals?

oil-emulsion

oil-emulsion adjuvant causes inflammation resulting in...

longer lasting immunity (likely due to same mechanisms as alum)

oil emulsion adjuvants tend to be ________

reactogenic (not ideal)

what type of adjuvant uses pathogen components that activate a TLR response?

TLR agonists

combination of alum and MPL (monophosphoryl lipid A and LPS like molecule)

combination adjuvant

what does a combination adjuvant do?

enhance MPL activity and increase reactogenicity

types of vaccine additives

antibiotics, residual materials, thimerosal, formaldehyde

what type of vaccine additive is often used to inactivate organisms or toxins

formaldehyde

what vaccine preservative is recommended in childhood vaccines ?

thimerosal (ethyl mercury)

most of our exposure to formaldehyde comes from...

environment

what act was an attempt to eliminate the potential financial liability of vaccine manufacturers due to vaccine injury in order to ensure stable market of vaccines and provide cost-effective arbitration for vaccine injury claims? (includes vaccine compensation)

national childhood vaccine injury act

what is the early warning system for vaccine issues called?

vaccine adverse event reporting system

when you get an infection and body develops immunity

naturally acquired active immunity

antibodies gained from mother during fetal development

naturally acquired passive immunity

get vaccine and body develops immunity

artificially acquired active immunity

simply being given antibodies

artificially acquired passive immunity