Chapter 5 - Solutions and Aqueous reactions

what is a solution

a homogeneous mixture of a solute dissolved in a solvent

what is a solute

substance present in a small amount (mass, volume, mol)

what is a solvent

substance used to dissolve the solute (an amount larger than solute)

what is an Aqueous solution

a solution where water is the solvent

what is concentration

a quantity telling how much of the solute is present in a given amount of solution or solvent

what is a dilute solution

solute < solvent

what is a concentrated solution

solvent > solute

what is molarity

M = mols solute / volume of solution (in L)

what does [ x ] represent

x represents the concentration and the brackets indicate where the concentration is

How to find solution dilution

M1 x V1 = M2 x V2

formula for an acid

Hx(anion)y (aq)

what do acids release

hydronium ions (H3O+) or (H+)

what makes a strong acid

it completely ionizes in a (aq) solution (it completely breaks apart)

what makes a weak acid

it partially ionizes in a (aq) solution (it does not break apart completely)

what are inorganic bases

bases that dissolve in water and yield OH

• commonly alkali metals or alkaline earth metals

what makes a strong base

completely dissolves in water

what makes a weak base

molecules that can react with water to produce OH ion

what is tritration

acid-base reactions and stoichiometry calculations