Organic Chemistry Functional Groups

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Last updated 3:26 AM on 8/7/26
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16 Terms

1
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Alcohol

-OH

<p>-OH</p>
2
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Aldehyde

AldeHyde

Carbonyl (C=O)

Attached to one H and one C

<p>AldeHyde</p><p>Carbonyl (C=O)</p><p>Attached to one H and one C</p>
3
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Alkane

C-CH

<p>C-CH</p>
4
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Alkene

C=CH

<p>C=CH</p>
5
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Halide

R-X

X is a Halogen (Fl, Cl, Br, I)

Alkyl Halide (C-X)

Primary (1): Carbon attached to Halide is bonded to 1 Carbon

Secondary (2): Carbon attached to Halide is bonded to 2 Carbons

Tertiary (3): Carbon attached to Halide is bonded to 3 Carbons

<p>R-X </p><p>X is a Halogen (Fl, Cl, Br, I)</p><p>Alkyl Halide (C-X)</p><p>Primary (1): Carbon attached to Halide is bonded to 1 Carbon</p><p>Secondary (2): Carbon attached to Halide is bonded to 2 Carbons</p><p>Tertiary (3): Carbon attached to Halide is bonded to 3 Carbons</p>
6
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Alkyne

C Triple Bond CH

<p>C Triple Bond CH</p>
7
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Amide

R- C=O-N

Carbonyl (C=O)

Primary (1): Nitrogen only bonded to 1 Carbon

Secondary (2): Nitrogen bonded to 2 Carbons

Tertiary (3): Nitrogen bonded to 3 Carbons

<p>R- C=O-N</p><p>Carbonyl (C=O)</p><p>Primary (1): Nitrogen only bonded to 1 Carbon</p><p>Secondary (2): Nitrogen bonded to 2 Carbons</p><p>Tertiary (3): Nitrogen bonded to 3 Carbons</p>
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Amine

-N

Primary (1): Nitrogen only bonded to 1 Carbon

Secondary (2): Nitrogen bonded to 2 Carbons

Tertiary (3): Nitrogen bonded to 3 Carbons

<p>-N</p><p>Primary (1): Nitrogen only bonded to 1 Carbon</p><p>Secondary (2): Nitrogen bonded to 2 Carbons</p><p>Tertiary (3): Nitrogen bonded to 3 Carbons</p>
9
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Aromatic Compound

Rings

<p>Rings</p>
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Carboxylic Acid

R-COOH

CarbOXYlic

Carbonyl (C=O)

Attached to one Alcohol (OH) and one C

<p>R-COOH</p><p>CarbOXYlic </p><p>Carbonyl (C=O)</p><p>Attached to one Alcohol (OH) and one C</p>
11
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Ester

AldeHyde

Carbonyl (C=O)

Attached to one Oxygen (O) and one C

<p>AldeHyde</p><p>Carbonyl (C=O)</p><p>Attached to one Oxygen (O) and one C</p>
12
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Ether

C-O

<p>C-O</p>
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Ketone

Carbonyl (C=O)

Attached to two C (no H)

<p>Carbonyl (C=O)</p><p>Attached to two C (no H)</p>
14
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Thiol

-SH

Primary (1): Carbon attached to Thiol is bonded to 1 Carbon

Secondary (2): Carbon attached to Thiol is bonded to 2 Carbons

Tertiary (3): Carbon attached to Thiol is bonded to 3 Carbons

<p>-SH</p><p>Primary (1): Carbon attached to Thiol is bonded to 1 Carbon</p><p>Secondary (2): Carbon attached to Thiol is bonded to 2 Carbons</p><p>Tertiary (3): Carbon attached to Thiol is bonded to 3 Carbons</p>
15
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Benzene

six-sided ring made of carbon and hydrogen atoms

6 Pi Bonds delocalized (shared equally)

<p>six-sided ring made of carbon and hydrogen atoms</p><p>6 Pi Bonds delocalized (shared equally) </p>
16
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Allylic Carbon

C-C=C
carbon atom right next to a carbon-carbon double bond

<p>C-C=C<br>carbon atom right next to a carbon-carbon double bond</p>