Chapter 4 - The Federal System

Federal System

System of government in which powers are divided between the national government and state or local governments.

Expressed Powers

Powers directly stated in the Constitution by the Founding Fathers

Implied Powers

Authority that the national government requires to carry out the powers that are expressly defined in the Constitution.

Necessary and Proper Clause

Basis for implied powers.

Inherent Powers

Powers that the national government may exercise simply because it is a government.

10th Amendment

Which amendment reserves certain powers to the states?

Reserved Powers

Powers granted to the states by the Constitution that are not specifically listed.

Concurrent Powers

Powers that the national government and the states both have.

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

Which law provided for the eventual statehood of territories settled by the U.S.?

West Virginia

Which state was formed because they did not want to secede during the Civil War?

Article IV

Which Article of the U.S. Constitution deals with the states relationships among themselves?

Extradition

To return a criminal or fugitive to the state in which the crime was committed.

Full Faith and Credit Clause

Each state must recognize the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state.

Privileges and Immunities Clause

One state cannot discriminate unreasonably against the citizens of another state.

Interstate Compacts

Written agreements between two or more states.

Grants-in-Aid Programs

Federal money or other resources to the states and their cities, counties, or local unites

Nationalist position

Position that favors national action in dealing with problems

McCulloch v. Maryland

Which court case upheld the Supremacy Clause and the Necessary and Proper Clause in a case involving the Second National Bank of the United States?

Gibbons v. Ogden

Which court case upheld a federal steamboat license even though the state of New York had issued an exclusive license of its own.

Fletcher v. Peck

State of Georgia could not repeal a law involving the sale of public land. First time a state law was found unconstitutional.

Worcester v. Georgia

Supreme Court ruled that states did not have the right to impose restrictions on Native American lands.

Categorical Grants

Grants made with some specific, closely defined purpose - "strings" attached

Block Grants

Grants made with a broadly defined purpose - fewer "strings" attached

Project Grants

Grants made to states, localities, and sometimes private agencies that apply for them

Williams v. North Carolina

Court case that outlawed "Quickie" divorces

Loving v. Virginia

Court ruled that states could not ban interracial marriage

United States v. Windsor

Court declares the Defense of Marriage Act unconstitutional

Obergefell v. Hodges

Court requires states to recognize same-sex marriages

National Government

The tendency over the years has been to grant more power to the ...?

Democrats

Which party is more likely to support a nationalist position?

Republicans

Which party is more likely to rely on the judgment of state and local governments?