DMS 102 - Unit 4 -Part 1

Slides 1-15

Another name for digestive tract:

alimentary

Digestive tract is the

Gi tract below the diaphragm

3 accessory digestive glands:

salivary, liver, pancreas

Digestive tract starts at the

esophageal junction just posterior to liver

esophagus is the entrance to the

stomach

Cardiac orpus is where the

esophagus travels through to get to the stomach and enter it

Pyloric orpus is

where contents of stomach enter duodenum into small intestine

The greater curvature of the stomach is

the outside lateral portion

3 parts of the stomach

body, fundus, antrum

The pyloric canal is

where food empties from stomach into duodenum

Rugae are

the folds in the stomach

3 parts of duodenum

Sup portion, Descending, ascending

The superior portion of the duodenum is also called the

duodenal bulb

The superior portion of the duodenum starts at

the pylorus and ends at the neck of the GB

The descending duodenum is where

CBD empties into the ampulla of vater in the pancreas

the ascending duodenum courses

transversely

The ascending duodenum turns into

the jejunum and then into ilium

Duodenum:

• first 22cm

• C shaped tube

  • curves around head of pancreas

The small intestine includes the

Duodenum jejunum and the ileum

The jejunum

• Extends from duodenum for ~ 2 meters where it then becomes the Ileum​

• Lined by Villi

• Valvulae Conniventes

What is the valvulae conniventes

large folds of mucous membrane in the jejunum, projecting into lumen of bowel & slows food passage for greater absorption​

What are villi

circular folds of mucous membrane in jejunum

Ileum

Ileocecal orifice & valve mark entry into large intestine (at cecum) & prevent food from reentering small intestine​

the ilieum is a part of the

small bowel

What is the Iliocecal valve:

it prevents back flow of food from cecum back into small intestine ​

Haustra:

markings in the colon

order of tract and the large intestine compenents

Vermiform appendix​

Cecum ​

Ascending​

Transverse​

Descending​

Sigmoid​

Rectum​

Anus

the esophagus is fed by

The inferior thyroid artery and left gastric artery ​

The stomach is fed by:

The left gastric artery and left gastroepiploic artery

Small intestine is supplied by:

SMA and Celiac

Large intestine is supplied by:

SMA, IMA, and Celiac

Venous system drains into

portal venous system

What are the 3 hormones secreted in the stomach to aid in digestion?

CCK, Gastrin, Secretin

Gastrin:

• Released by stomach mucosa​

• Stimulates secretion from gastric glands

CCK

• Is released by presence of fat in the intestine ​

• Regulates GB contraction & Gastric emptying

Secretin

• released from small bowel

• stimulates secretion of bicarbonate

Most common symptom of GI disease

• Blood in stool​

• Hematemesis – blood in emesis (vomit)​

• Patient may be anemic​

Symptoms of infection

fever or elevated white blood cell count

Lab work for GI diseases

• Emesis or Stool sample – check for blood​

• CBC (complete blood cell count) ​

• WBC (white blood cell count)​

• CEA = Carcinoembryonic antigen​

  • May be elevated in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

Clinal signs and symptoms of GI disease:

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

fever if colitis, bowel abscess, acute diverticulitis, appendicitis

What is colitis:

Inflammation of bowel