exam 4 ch 12 review

Forgetting

the deterioration in performance of a learned behavior following a period in which learning or practice does not occur.

• free recall

• • giving an opportunity to perform a previously learned behavior.

  • the traditional measure of forgetting

  • does not account for partial retention of behavior or skill

prompted/cued recall

• give a hint or prompt when providing an opportunity to perform a previously learned behavior

• this allows for the display or partial retention of behavior itself

• relearning method/saving method

recognition

• identifying material that was previously learning

• different than prompted recall as there is no hint, only the correct and incorrect responses are presented

degree of learning

the better something is learned, the more slowly it is forgotten.

Overlearning

learning beyond the mastery criteria.

Prior learning

the more meaningful the material, the easier it is to retain over time

subsequent learning

we forget less when learning is followed by periods of sleep rather than activity

changes in context

there is an increase in forgetting when a learned behavior is expected in a new environment

cue dependant learning

decreases in performance of a previously learned behavior in the absence of a stimuli that was present at the initial time of learning

practice with feedback

1. perform the skill and get feedback

   • positive feedback reinforces correct performance

   • constructive feedback allows the learner to correct errors and increase future performance

distribute practice

perform the skill over time aka distributed or spaced practice

test yourself

period testing yields greater retention than studying

mnemonics

a device used for aiding recall

context clues

learning in different environments yields greater retention of skills in multiple settings.