Colonial America: Economy, Conflicts, and Key Groups

New England economy

Rocky soil → small farms; forests → lumber/ships; coast → fishing/trade

French & Indian War

Britain wins land; colonists taxed; Natives lose land

Sons of Liberty

Protests (Tea Party), anti-British propaganda

Mercantilism

Colonies supply raw materials → England grows rich

Triangular Trade

Europe goods → Africa enslaved → Americas goods → Britain

Proclamation of 1763

Colonists barred west of Appalachians → seen as tyranny

Stamp Act

Tax on paper goods; anger over no representation

Intolerable Acts

Punish Boston; Patriots refuse; colonies unite with aid

Patriots

Independence, resist Britain, self-rule

Loyalists (Tories)

Loyal to king, anti-rebellion

Pilgrims

Plymouth, Mayflower Compact (self-gov't)

Puritans

New England, strict religion, Bible focus

Quakers

Pennsylvania, tolerance, equality, peace with Natives

Native leaders

Alliances (French), land loss after war

Africans (enslaved)

Plantation labor, vital economy, cultural traditions