Fixed vs Adaptive Behaviors (46-51)

What are innate/instinctual behaviors?

Behaviors that animals performs without having learned

___________ and __________ __________ are organized in the same way within a specis

Hormones and nervous system

Are innate behaviors consistent without animals in a species?

Yes

What types of behaviors arem more complex?

Learned behaviors

Learned behaviors involved a response to a __________ that changes depending on ___________

Stimulus; experience

What do researchers interested in innate and learned behaviors research?

Genetic and environmental components required for an animal to perform a behavior

Instinctual behaviors are performed every time an animal is presented with what?

A stimulus that triggers that specific behavior

Instinctual behaviors can be completed entirely the ________ time they are persented

First

What is an example of an instinctual behavior in animals?

Ability to suckle to obtain milk

How does mammals ability to suckle milk change as they age?

They learn to do it more successfully

What are the simplest forms of instinctual behaviors?

Reflexes

What is a common reflex shared by many animals?

Startle reflex

What s the startle reflex?

When the PNS causes you to jump after hearing a loud noise and triggers autonomic system to be on alert

What would occur without thee startle reflex?

Animals wouldn't be able to quickly become alerted to danger

While some instinctual behaviors are simple, others require what?>

More complex processing and motor patterns

Building a nest is what type of behavior?>

Instinctual

When a pregnant turtle’s eggs are fully developed what triggers the process of laying the eggs?

A cascade of hormones

How are turtles laying eggs an example of instinctual behaviors occuring the same way every time in response to a stimulus?

Because even though a turtle will have never laid eggs it will occur the same way every time when they finally do lay eggs

What occurs if a turtle is captive or in an unsuitable area and needs to lay eggs?

The internal stimulus to dig still exists and they try to dig to the best of their ability.

What is a fixed-motor pattern?

The action of engaging in instinctual behavior regardless of environmental changes

What the fixed motor pattern of digging a dest what occurs?

The turtle lays eggs regardless of whether the nest is protective or effective

How did Konrad Lorenzo observe fixed-motor patterns in geese?

When geese see an egg outside their nest they use their neck and beak to tuck the egg underneath them

What occured when lorenz removed the egg while the geese were engaging in this behavior?

They would continue the motion even though the egg was no longer there

Does a behavior being innate mean its the most effective thing in situations?

No, it doesn't mean the animal will be good or that its effective

Does the ability of animas to perform innate behaviors vary throughout their lives?

Yes, animals can get better at performing behaviors with experience, but the initial ability and way its done is always the same

What did Nikolaas Tinbergen learn from gull chicks?

That young, newly hatched chicks would peck at a red dot on their parents beaks and then open their mouths

What did the young gull chicks pecking at the red dot on parents beaks do?

It caused parents to regurgitate food to the chicks, and without it parents wouldn't feed their offspring

What was the stimulus which triggered the pecking instinct?>

The re3d dot

Would gull chicks peck at only red dots?

No, anything that wwas a red color would cause them to beg for food

What occured when the gull chick had no red dot?

The chicks pecked with much less frequency even tthough they were hungry

What featured the greatest frequency of pecks from the gull chicks?

When they were presented with red pencils

Behavior can be _____________ or ____________ depending on how ____________ the stimulius

Increased;decreased;extreme

What is the scientific name for herring gulls?

Larus argentatus

Rank the 4 trials from Tinbergen’ss experiment in increasing frequency.

Adult gull with no red dot→Adult gull partially red with red dot→ Adult gull with red dot→Red pencil