Ch. 21: Reaction, Revolution, and Romanticism

Bourbons

Their restoration fulfilled Metternich's principle of legitimacy

Edmund Burke

Spokesman for evolutionary conservatism

Whigs

Party that attracted moneyed industrial groups

Thomas Malthus

Argued that population growth mitigated against human progress

David Ricardo

Argued that wages rise only as population declines

Charles Fourier

Advocated cooperative socialism to solve economic problems

July Revolution

Resulted in the overthrow of Charles X

June Days

Resulted in the overthrow of Louis-Phillippe

Robert Peel

Created London's Metropolitan Police Force

Eugene Delacroix

Romantic artist with passion for color and exotic themes

The Congress of Vienna

sought to maintain a balance of power among members of the Quadruple Alliance

Prince Klemens von Metternich

held that all European monarchs shared a common interest in stability

The Quadruple Alliance became the Quintuple Alliance

in 1818 with the addition of France

Conservatism, the political philosophy of European nations that defeated Napeoleon

was best defended by Edmund Burke in his Reflections on the Revolution

Within the Concert of Europe, Prince Metternich considered himself

minister of police in a dangerous world

The Concert of Europe was undoubtedly successful at

none of the above

The Burschenschaften (student societies of Germany) wanted to

spread the ideals of German nationalists and brotherhood

The growing forces of liberalism and nationalism in central Europe were best characterized by the

the Burschenschaften, radical German student societies

Thomas Malthus argued that

nature imposes restraints on the growth of population

David Ricardo wrote that in order to overcome the "iron law of wages" governments should

do absolutely nothing because this was a law of nature

John Stuart Mill believed that women

could achieve as much as men if given proper educations

Robert Owen achieved his greatest success in

New Lanark, Scotland, where he created a healthy utopian community

The 1848 revolution in France resulted in

an authoritarian government ruled by Louis Napoleon

The German student response to the French Revolution of 1848 was one of

enthusiasm and optimism that Germany would be united

The social and political upheavals in central Europe through 1848-1849 led finally to

the failure of the Frankfurt Assembly in Germany

Young Italy was not

anti-religious and especially anti-Catholic

Compared to his counterparts in Paris and London, the nineteenth century Berlin police officer was better

armed, with weapons that made him the equivalent of a soldier

Goethe's Sorrows of the Young Werther reflects the Romantic obsession with

maidens carried away young by disease

The Romantic poet Lord Byron

died while fighting for Greek independence

Among German Romantics there were

more artists than in the Romantic Movement in other countries

At the Congress of Vienna, Austria's ___, guided by the principle of ___, sought to restore dynasties and create a ___ of power.

Metternich, legitimacy, balance

With a weakened Spain unable to control the American colonies, ___ ___ led an army that gave many of them independence. The official position of the US towards the new states, called the ___ ___ helped guarantee this independence

Simon Bolivar, Monroe Doctrine

By the Treaty of Adrianople, Turkey agreed to let ___, ___, and ___ decide the fate of Greece. In 1830 they declared her

Russia, France, Britain, independent

Following the ___ ___ against his accession, Russia's Nicholas I strengthened his ___ ___, making it a spy organization with sweeping powers

Decembrist Revolt, Political Police

After the study of population growth by ___ ___ called into question the idea of human progress, the study of wages by ___ ___ called into question the power of any state to make man's life better.

Thomas Malthus, David Ricardo

In order to create a better society, Charles Fourier advocated the establishment of voluntary economic communities called ___, and Robert Owen tried the idea in two places, successfully at ___ ___ in Scotland, unsuccessfully at ___ ___ in Indiana

phalansteries, New Lanark, New Harmony

Flora Tristan advocated a utopian synthesis of socialism and ___ in which men and women would live in ___ ___

feminism, absolute equality

The French Revolution of 1848 deposed the conservative king ___ ___ and established a Second Republic under President ___ ___ ___.

Louis-Philippe, Louis Napoleon Bonaparte

The Metropolitan policemen of Paris, created under the leadership of Louis-Maurice ___ were called simply ___ and carried only a ___ by day and a ___ by night

Debelleyme, serjents, cane, saber

Romantic literature featured a range of subjects, from the Scottish historical novels of Sir ___ ___ to the strange tale of Frankenstein by ___ ___.

Walter Scott, Mary Shelley

Repeal of Corn Laws in Britain

6th, 1846

Decembrist Revolt in Russia

3rd, 1825

July Revolution in France

4th, 1830

Beginning of Greek revolt against the Turks

2nd, 1821

British Reform Act

5th, 1832

France, Germany, Italy, and Austria revolts

7th, 1848

Beginning of Wars of Independence in Latin America

1st, 1819