Community Health Nursing, Maternal & Child Health, and Nursing Research

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering Community Health Nursing, Public Health Nursing, Maternal & Child Health Nursing, Pediatric Nursing, and Nursing Research based on the provided lecture notes.

Doña Hilaria de Aguinaldo

Founder of the Philippine Red Cross in 1893 who organized nursing care for soldiers and prisoners of war.

Community Health Nursing (CHN)

A specialized field in nursing practice that renders care to individuals, families, and communities focusing on health promotion and disease prevention through people empowerment.

Public Health Nursing (PHN)

A population-based subspecialty of nursing practice focused on national-level health policy development, disease prevention, and health promotion within the healthcare system.

RA 7160 (Local Government Code of 1991)

The law mandating the devolution of basic health services, transferring power, authority, and responsibility from the central Department of Health to Local Government Units (LGUs).

RA 1082 (Rural Health Act)

Law passed by the Philippine Congress in 1954 that led to the creation of Rural Health Units (RHU) in every municipality.

Fajardo Act

A 1912 law that created sanitary divisions composed of 1 to 4 municipalities to maintain clean water supplies, waste management, and sewage systems.

La Gota de Leche

The first center for mothers and babies founded in 1905 by Association Feminista Filipina aimed at promoting breastfeeding and reducing infant and maternal mortality.

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Also known as Agenda 2030, a set of 17 goals and 169 targets covering the period 2016 to 2030 aimed at continuing global health and socioeconomic progress.

Category A — Primary Care Facility

Health facilities such as health centers and outpatient clinics that render primary preventive and promotive care, classified into facilities with or without inpatient beds.

Category B — Custodial Care Facility

Health facilities that provide long-term care to clients, such as psychiatric facilities, drug rehabilitation centers, and nursing homes.

Category C — Diagnostic Facility

Facilities that render diagnostic services, including clinical laboratories, radiology imaging centers, and nuclear medicine facilities regulated by PNRI.

Category D — Specialized Outpatient Facility

Facilities that perform highly specialized procedures on an outpatient basis where clients are discharged the same day, such as dialysis centers and ambulatory surgical centers.

RHU Physician Staffing Ratio

The recommended Department of Health staffing standard of 1 Rural Health Unit Physician per $20{,}000$ population.

Public Health Nurse Staffing Ratio

The recommended Department of Health staffing standard of 1 Public Health Nurse per $10{,}000$ population.

Public Health Midwife Staffing Ratio

The recommended Department of Health staffing standard of 1 Public Health Midwife per $5{,}000$ population.

Barangay Health Station (BHS)

The primary healthcare contact facility serving a population ratio of 1 BHS per $5{,}000$ population, manned by volunteer Barangay Health Workers and supervised by a rural health midwife.

Inter Local Health Zone (IHZ)

A geographic area consisting of several adjacent municipalities or cities that coordinate operations across local government boundaries to deliver comprehensive health services.

Universal Health Care Act (RA 11223)

Law ratified in February 2019 ensuring automatic coverage of all Filipino citizens under the National Health Insurance Program (PhilHealth).

Primary Level of Prevention

Set of measures that aim to prevent disease or injury before the disease process begins, such as immunizations, exercise, health education, and environmental safety policies.

Secondary Level of Prevention

Health measures focused on early diagnosis, health screenings, and prompt treatment to limit disability and prevent serious complications.

Tertiary Level of Prevention

Interventions aimed at managing chronic illness, rehabilitation, physical therapy, and symptom control to restore optimal functioning.

Family Coping Index

An assessment tool in family nursing that evaluates family coping patterns across 9 specific domains to foster problem-solving capacity.

Formative Evaluation

Evaluation conducted during the implementation of the plan of care to make ongoing judgments regarding intervention effectiveness.

Summative Evaluation

Evaluation conducted after the delivery of nursing interventions to determine the end results and overall outcomes of family nursing care.

Occupational Safety and Health (OSH)

A multidisciplinary field defined by DOLE to promote and maintain the highest degree of physical, mental, and social well-being of workers in all occupations.

Entreprenurse Project

A program launched in 2013 by DOLE in collaboration with PRC, DOH, and PNA to promote nurse entrepreneurship and home healthcare business models in the Philippines.

Pender's Health Promotion Model

A nursing model developed in the 1980s and revised in 1996 that explores multidimensional biopsychosocial factors influencing individuals to pursue health promotion activities.

Health Belief Model

A framework proposed in 1958 based on perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy to explain health actions.

Transtheoretical Model

A model of health behavior change asserting that individuals progress through a sequence of predictable stages over time.

Field Health Service Information System (FHSIS)

The official health recording and reporting system of the DOH used by the Philippine Statistics Authority to generate national health statistics.

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

A demographic indicator measuring how fast people are added to a population through birth, where a CBR $≥ 45/1{,}000$ live births implies high fertility.

General Fertility Rate (GFR)

Vital statistic representing the number of live births per $1{,}000$ women aged $15\text{--}49$ years in a given year.

RA 9262

The Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children Act of 2004, designed to protect women and children from physical, sexual, psychological, and economic violence.

Hypotonic Uterine Contraction

Inadequate labor contraction pattern with no more than 2 or 3 contractions in 10 minutes and a resting tone under $10\,mmHg$, risking uterine atony and hemorrhage.

Hypertonic Uterine Contraction

Abnormal contraction pattern with a uterine resting tone exceeding $15\,mmHg$ occurring mostly during the latent phase, causing persistent severe pain and reduced uterine artery filling.

Precipitate Labor

Labor that progresses rapidly with cervical dilation of $5\,cm/hr$ or more in primiparas or $10\,cm/hr$ or more in multiparas.

Hyperemesis Gravidarum

Severe, intractable nausea and vomiting during early pregnancy causing fluid and electrolyte imbalances, weight loss, and nutritional deficiencies.

Ectopic Pregnancy

Implantation of a fertilized ovum outside the uterine cavity, occurring in the fallopian tube in $90\%$ of cases.

Suction Curettage (D&C)

Surgical procedure utilizing a vacurette attached to suction to evacuate products of conception or molar tissue from the uterus.

Threatened Miscarriage

Pregnancy complication under 24 weeks characterized by mild vaginal bleeding and a closed cervical os with a viable fetus.

Inevitable Miscarriage

Miscarriage in progress characterized by heavy bleeding, abdominal cramping, and an open internal cervical os.

Incomplete Miscarriage

Miscarriage where products of conception are partially expelled, presenting with retained tissues and an endometrial diameter $> 15\,mm$ on ultrasound.

Premature Rupture of Membranes (PROM)

Spontaneous rupture of the amniotic sac prior to the onset of labor, confirmed using Nitrazine pH paper and the fern test.

Placenta Previa

Low-lying placental implantation covering or nearing the internal cervical os, presenting with bright red, sudden, profuse, and painless vaginal bleeding.

Abruptio Placentae

Premature separation of a normally implanted placenta from the uterine wall, presenting with dark red bleeding, sharp abdominal pain, and a board-like rigid uterus.

Congenital Hypothyroidism

Newborn condition marked by absent or reduced thyroid function, presenting with prolonged jaundice, macroglossia, poor suck, umbilical hernia, and ragdoll hypotonia.

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Autosomal recessive metabolic disorder caused by deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase, preventing conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine.

Galactosemia

Autosomal recessive carbohydrate metabolism disorder caused by Galactose-1-Phosphate Uridyltransferase deficiency, leading to galactosuria, jaundice, and bilateral cataracts.

Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) Deficiency

An X-linked recessive enzymatic disorder resulting in red blood cell destruction and hemolysis upon exposure to oxidative drugs or stressors, showing Heinz bodies on blood smear.

Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)

Congenital heart defect with an abnormal opening in the atrial septum causing left-to-right blood shunting, right atrial volume overload, and a systolic murmur.

Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)

Congenital heart defect characterized by an opening in the ventricular septum causing a left-to-right shunt and a loud systolic murmur at the left lower sternal border.

Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)

Failure of the fetal ductus arteriosus to close after birth, treated pharmacologically with indomethacin or ibuprofen to inhibit prostaglandins.

Coarctation of the Aorta

Congenital localized narrowing of the aorta resulting in elevated right arm blood pressure, bounding upper pulses, and weak or delayed lower extremity pulses.

Tetralogy of Fallot

Cyanotic congenital heart anomaly comprising four defects: Ventricular Septal Defect, Pulmonic Stenosis, Overriding Aorta, and Right Ventricular Hypertrophy.

Transposition of the Great Vessels

Congenital defect where the aorta connects to the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery connects to the left ventricle, causing cyanosis at birth.

Hirschsprung Disease

Congenital disorder characterized by missing ganglion nerve cells in the distal colon, causing functional obstruction, severe constipation, and abdominal distention.

Intussusception

Infolding or telescoping of one segment of the intestine into an adjacent section, managed non-surgically using an air enema.

Pyloric Stenosis

Narrowing of the pyloric canal causing gastric outlet obstruction, non-bilious projectile vomiting, dehydration, and an olive-shaped abdominal mass in infants.

Conceptual Definition

An abstract or theoretical description of a concept's meaning rooted in existing literature or theoretical framework.

Operational Definition

A clear specification of the exact procedures, tools, or measurements used to quantify and observe a variable in a study.

Independent Variable

The variable in a study that is manipulated or presumed to be the cause of an observed outcome.

Dependent Variable

The outcome variable that is measured and presumed to change in response to the independent variable.

Null Hypothesis

A statement asserting that no relationship or statistically significant difference exists between the variables under study.

Alternative Hypothesis

A statement predicting a specific relationship or difference between study variables, serving as the primary driver for hypothesis testing.

Patient-Reported Outcomes (PRO)

Health data provided directly by the patient regarding symptoms, functional status, or quality of life without clinician interpretation.

Lincoln and Guba's Framework

The gold standard criteria used to evaluate trustworthiness in qualitative research: credibility, transferability, dependability, confirmability, and authenticity.

Percentage Distribution Formula

The statistical formula used to calculate frequency distribution in research data: $\% = \frac{f}{N} \times 100$.

Sample Mean Formula

The mathematical formula used to compute the arithmetic average of quantitative values: $X = \frac{\Sigma x}{N}$.

Descriptive Statistics

Statistical procedures used to synthesize and describe overall characteristics of a sample data set, including central tendency and dispersion.

Inferential Statistics

Statistical methods used to test hypotheses, analyze relationships, and make inferences or generalizations about a population based on sample data.