Community and Public Health: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow Chapter 1

Flashcards covering key definitions, historical events, and important concepts from Chapter 1 on Community and Public Health.

Health

A dynamic state or condition of the human organism that is multidimensional in nature, a resource for living, and results from a person’s interactions with and adaptations to his or her environment, not just the absence of disease.

Community

A group of people sharing common characteristics such as location, race, ethnicity, age, occupation, interests, or common bonds, characterized by membership, shared values, mutual influence, shared needs, and shared emotional connection.

Personal Health Activities

Individual actions and decision-making that affect the health of an individual or his or her immediate family members or friends.

Community/Public Health Activities

Activities aimed at protecting or improving the health of a population or community, such as maintaining birth and death records or protecting food and water supply.

Public Health

A holistic approach focused on the protection, promotion, and prevention of health problems within a population or community.

Social Determinants of Health

Social and cultural factors such as beliefs, traditions, prejudices, economy, politics, religion, social norms, and socioeconomic status that influence a community’s health.

Herd Immunity

The resistance of a population to the spread of an infectious agent based on the immunity of a high proportion of individuals within that population.

Dr. Jenner

Demonstrated the process of vaccination against smallpox in 1796.

Smallpox Vaccination

The first method of vaccination, demonstrated by Dr. Jenner in 1796, which led to smallpox being the only disease to be completely eradicated.

Dr. John Snow

A key figure in epidemiology, known for his work on the London cholera epidemics in the second half of the Nineteenth Century.

Shattuck Report

A significant report published in 1850 that contributed to the modern era of public health.

Modern Era of Public Health

Began in 1850, characterized by increased understanding and organized efforts to improve public health.

Bacteriological Period of Public Health

The period from 1875 to 1900, marked by significant scientific discoveries related to bacteria and disease causation.

The Pure Food and Drugs Act of 1906

A landmark piece of legislation passed during the Reform Phase (1900-1920) of the Health Resources Development Period.

Medicare

A federal health insurance program primarily for older people and people with disabilities, established in 1965 during the Period of Social Engineering.

Medicaid

A state and federal program that provides health care coverage to low-income individuals and families, established in 1965 during the Period of Social Engineering.

Healthy People 2030

A set of national health objectives established during the Period of Health Promotion to guide the planning process for the health of Americans.