Ch. 11 Urinary System

Name 4 organs of the urinary system

Kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra

What is the main function of the kidneys

remove toxic products from blood by forming urine

What is the nephron

Microscopic functional unit of the kidney that carries out the processes that form urine

What structures make up the renal corpuscle

Glomerulus and Bowman capsule

What are the functions of the glomerulus and the Bowman capsule

Glomerulus brings blood to the nephron for filtration; the Bowman capsule begins the urine-formation process

CF for kidney

nephr/o, ren/o

CF for renal pelvis

pyel/o

CF for ureter

ureter/o

CF for bladder

cyst/o, vesic/o

CF for urethra

urethr/o

CF for meatus, opening

meat/o

CF for glomerulus

glomerul/o

CF for ketone bodies (acides and acetones)

keton/o

CF for pus

py/o

CF for scanty

olig/o

CF for potassium

kal/i

CF for nitrogenous products

azot/o

MW for instrument used to examine the bladder

cyst/o/scope

MW for inflammation of the renal pelvis

pyel/it is

MW for expansion of the ureter

ureter/ectasis

MW for stricture of the urethra

urethr/o/stenosis

MW for incision of the meatus

meat/o/tomy

MW for crushing of a stone

lith/o/tripsy

MW for inflammation of the glomerulus and kidney

glomerul/o/nephr/it is

MW for fixation of a kidney

nephr/o/pexy

MW for resembling albumin

albumin/oid

MW for excessive urination

poly/uria

MW for stone in urinary tract

ur/o/lith

MW for hernia(tion) or swilling of the kidney

nephr/o/cele

MW for process of recording the ureter

ureter/o/graphy

MW for record of the urinary tract

ur/o/gram

MW for disease of the renal pelvis

pyel/o/pathy

MW for tumor of the kidney

nephr/oma

MW for urine with blood

hemat/uria

MW for urine with pus

py/uria

MW for recording the bladder and urethra

cyst/o/urethr/o/graphy

MW for surginal repair of the renal pelvis

pyel/o/plasty

MW for instrument to examine the urethra

urethr/o/scope

MW for forming an opening in the kidney

nephron/o/stomy

MW for substances that have the ability to carry electrical charges in the body and an imbalance of which may be fatal

electrolytes

MW for fluid that passes from the glomerulus to the Bowman capsule to begin urine formation

filtrate

Condition prolapse or downward displacement of the bladder

cystocele

Condition for inflamed bladder

cystitis

Condition of painful urination

dysuria

Condition of pus in the kidneys

pyonephrosis

Condition of stones in the urinary tract

urolithiasis

Condition of kidney pain

nephralgia, nephrodynia

Condition of distention of the renal pelvis and calyces caused by urine reflux

hydronephrosis

Condition of low/scant urine

oliguria

Condition of swelling in ankles and feet sometimes associated with nephrosis

edema

Condition of enlarged kidney

nephromegaly

Condition of involuntary discharge of urine; incontinence

enuresis

Condition of abnormal passage from one hollow organ to another or the surface of the body

fistula

Procedure to surgically repair the renal pelvis

pyeloplasty

Procedure to remove a stone

lithotomy, lithotomy

Procedure for detecting stones using soundwaves

ultrasonography

Procedure that introduces a small tube into a hollow organ to introduce or remove fluid

catheterization

Procedure or treatment that passes through the skin

percutaneous

Procedure diverts blood into a machine for filtering waste products

hemodialysis

Procedure of dialysis using the peritoneum as the dialyzing membrane

Peritoneal dialysis

Procedure that uses powerful sound-wave vibrations to pulverize uroliths

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)

Procedure that places donated kidney beneath patient’s diseased kidney

Renal transplantation

Procedure that visually examines the bladder using endoscopy

cystoscopy

Procedure using sound waves to estimate amount of urine in the bladder

bladder scan

Procedure of insertion of a thin, narrow tube into the ureter to prevent or treat obstruction of urine flow from the kidney to the bladder

ureteral stent

Procedure where an opening is created between the skin and kidney to drain urine from the bladder into an outside receptacle, monitor kidney function and administer medication

percutaneous nephrostomy

Procedure of insertion of a cystoscope through the urethra and into the urinary bladder used to examine the bladder, obtain biopsy or remove polyps

cystoscopy

Test that

Blood urea nitrogen

RX that stimulates the production and flow of urine

diuretic

RX that decreases cramping and enables normal emptying

antispasmodic

RX used to treat bacterial infection

antibiotic

RX to relieve pain such as nephralgia

analgesic

ESRD

End State Renal Disease

BUN

blood urea nitrogen measures amount of urea and is used to evaluate renal function

UTI

Urinary Tract Infection C&S

Cysto

cystoscopy

IC

interstitial cystitis