Biology Unit 4 + notes from my notebook

In the carbon cycle, the process of photosynthesis ______Blank atmospheric CO2CO2 , and cellular respiration ______Blank atmospheric CO2CO2 .

consumes; produces

hotosynthesis takes carbon in from the atmosphere and uses it to form ______Blank, the energy source for all plants and animals to use in cellular respiration.

glucose

Which of the following acts as a source of carbon dioxide within the carbon cycle?

Respiration from humans and animals

Carbon sinks are reservoirs that hold large amounts of carbon. Which of the following are considered to be carbon sinks?

The atmosphere, Fossil fuels deep underground, Oceans

When fossil fuels are burned, they will

produce large quantities of carbon dioxide that is released in the atmosphere. This will increase the effects of climate change.

Select all of the following statements that correctly describe photosynthesis.

Photosynthesis produces oxygen, which allows other organisms to conduct cellular respiration. Photosynthesis produces sugars, which are used as an energy source by plants and other organisms. In photosynthesis, the carbon used to make sugars is provided by carbon dioxide.

refers to the long-term regional or even global average of temperature and rainfall patterns over seasons, years, or decades.

climate

refers to the daily temperature and chance for precipitation that may occur locally over short periods of time—from minutes to hours or days. 

weather

re divisions of the year marked by variations in the amount of sunlight striking the Earth’s surface. 

seasons

A cold winter is an example of

weather

The worldwide increase in average surface temperatures of Earth is called __________Blank.

global warming

Which of the following statements correctly explains the greenhouse effect?

Greenhouse gases absorb infrared radiation emitted by the planet’s surface. This trapped heat energy is released slowly back into the atmosphere.

Retains and releases 30 times more heat than other gases found in the atmosphere, Produced naturally during the decomposition of organic materials, Increased in the atmosphere due to livestock, rice production, and landfills, An unstable gas that remains in the atmosphere for about a decade, Atmospheric concentration is measured in parts per billion

methane

A stable gas that remains in the atmosphere for long periods of time, but can be removed from the atmosphere by photosynthesis, or dissolved in the ocean, Increased in the atmosphere due to the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation, Atmospheric concentration is measured in parts per million, Produced naturally during fires and volcanic activity

carbon dioxide

Minor contributor to global warming and climate change. Occurs naturally and is released during the water cycle.

water

Major contributor to global warming and climate change. Occurs both naturally and as a byproduct of burning fossils fuels, in particular coal.

carbon dioxide

Major contributor to global warming and climate change. Occurs both naturally due to the breakdown of organic materials and as a result of human activity.

methane

Minor contributor to global warming and climate change. Occurs naturally in the atmosphere as part of the nitrogen cycle; it is also released from agricultural practices and the burning of fossil fuels.

nitrous oxides

Minor contributor to global warming and climate change. Occurs naturally and through interactions of solar energy with pollutants in the lower atmosphere.

ozone

Minor contributor to global warming and climate change. Produced as a refrigerant and to make spray propellants.

Chlorofluorocarbons

air temperature near surface

increase

humidity

increase

sea surface temperature

increase

temperature over oceans

increase

extreme weather events

increase

glaciers

decrease

sea level

increase

snow cover

decrease

sea ice

 

decrease

ocean heat content

increase

temperature over land

increase

Which of the following is an indicator of climate change?

Decrease in snow cover and glaciers

Which of the following statements correctly describes a greenhouse gas?

A gas that absorbs infrared radiation and emits it back to Earth’s surface, A gas that retains heat in the lower atmosphere

Scientists studying global warming have noted an unusual trend in carbon dioxide level. Which of the following statements explains the trend of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?

The rise in carbon dioxide levels has occurred relatively rapidly.

water

occurs naturally and is released during the water cycle, minor contributor of global warming and climate change

Carbon dioxide

occurs both naturally and by a side product of brining fossil fuels, particularly coal. major contributor of global warming and climate change

Methane

major contributor of global warming and climate change, occurs both naturally and due to decomposition of organic materials and as a result of human acitivties

nitrous oxides

occurs naturally in the atmosphere as part of the nitrogen cycle, produced by fertilizers and the burning of fossil fuels, minor contributor

ozone

occurs naturally and through solar energy interacting with pollutants in the atmosphere, minor contributor

Chlorofluorocarbons

produced as a refrigerant and to make spray propellants, minor contributor

Fires and volcanic activity are natural events that produce _____Blank.

CO2

Methane versus carbon dioxide are very important greenhouse gases. However, methane can retain and release about ____Blank times more heat than carbon dioxide.

30

Which of the following minor contributing greenhouse gases are produced from agricultural practices such as the use of burning of fossil fuels and used in fertilizers?

Nitrous oxides

Thinking about the evidence of climate change presented in this chapter, select from the following those factors that have decreased as a result of climate change.

Sea ice, Snow coverage

According to the evidence of climate change, there has been an overall ______Blank in ocean and land temperature, and an overall ______Blank in ice formations.

increase; decrease

rom the list provided, select all sources of methane production.

Decomposition of organic material, Livestock

Methane

is less common in the atmosphere than carbon dioxide, releases more heat than carbon dioxide, is a greenhouse gas

Of the following, which two characteristics define climate?

Temperature, Amount of precipitation

The greenhouse effect

is caused by gases such as carbon dioxide trapping heat in the earth's atmosphere.

Which of the following are greenhouse gases?

Methane and carbon dioxide

Why is ocean acidification problematic for some marine life?

It decreases the amount of carbonate in the oceans, making the creation of shells and other hard structures difficult for marine life.

As global temperatures increase, which of the following scenarios are most likely to happen?

Glaciers and snow coverage decrease.

biosphere

the sum of locations where life exists on Earth, very dependent on the climate of the Earth

population:

organisms of the same species living in a particular area

species:

all of the populations of organisms that are similar in appearance and have the ability to interbreed

community:

populations of different species interacting in a given area

the Earth and the climate

the climate of a region is partially due to the amount of solar radiation stiking the surface of the planet, seasons changes are due to the Earths tilt

major greenhouse gases

methane and carbon dioxide

minor greenouse gases

h2o, nitrious oxide, N2O, ozone O3, CFC’s Chloroflourocarbons

organic moleculte

carbon and hydrogen

carbon cycle

natural events: in atmosphere —> diffuse in oceans —> respirating organisms —> dead organisms and animal wastes —> photosynthesis (pulls CO2 out of the atmosphere —> oxygen), human activities: fossil fuels, and combustion

inputs and outputs of photosynthesis

CO2 + H2O + light —> C6H12O6 + O2 (oxygen) in autotrophs

inputs and outputs of aerobic respiration

C6H1206 + O2 —> CO2 + H2O + energy (CArbon Dioxide) (atp) in the mitochondria

What are fossil fuels and how are they formed?

plants and animals that died, 79% of US energy production is based on fossil fuels, water and dirt deposits pressure with heat, oil, natural gas, coal, and shale