VACCINE PREVENTABLE COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

VARICELLA

how is varicella trasnmitted

air, direct contact

what are the TWO types of precautions for this disease

• airborne

• contact

s/s of varicella:

• pruritic rash (paple→ vesicile→crust)

• starts on face and goes down to upper extremities

• contagious 1 day before rash appears and until the vesicles are crusted (1 week)

complications:

• secondary skin infection from scratching

• encephalitis

• pneumonia

nursing considerations:

• put pressure instead of itching

• mittens

• bathe with NO soap

• keep nails short

• loose clothes

what medication do we avoid in clients who have varicella

aspirin

reyes syndrome

what can we give for fever with varicella?

tylenol

MEASLES

how is measles transferred

• respiratory secretions

what are the two precautions for measels

• airborne

• contact

s/s of measels

3 C’s

• coryza (inflammation of mucus membranes)

• cough

• conjunctivitis

• Koplik spots on buccal mucosa

complications from measles

• otitis media

• pneumonia

• laryngotracheitis

• encephalitis

nursing considerations

• supportive care

• dim lights for photophobia

• vitamin A for children with acute illness, helps with vision

MUMPS

how is mumps transmitted

• saliva

what are the two precautions for this viral illness

• droplet

• contact

s/s of mumps

• fever

• headache

• malaise

• earache when chewing

• swollen parotid gland (painful and tender)

nursing considerations

• cold compress

• rest

• fluids

• analgesics

• bland food

complications from mumps

• orchitis (inflammation of the testicles after puberty)

  • use cool/hot packs, scrotal elevation, and analgesic control

• sensorineural hearing loss

• inflammation of the heart, brain, testicles, liver, pancreas, and meninges

RUBELLA (GERMAN MEASELS)

how is rubella transmitted

• nasopharyngeal secretions

what are the precautions for rubella

• droplet precautions

whats the difference between rubella and measles

• milder then measles

• face→trunk→extremities

s/s of rubella:

• rash

• fever

• malaise

• clear nasal drainage

• cough

• lymphadenopathy

• pink/red maculopapular rash

complications for rubella

• miscarriage

• birth defects

• arthritis

• rare encephalitis

nursing care

• antipyretics

• analgesics

• comfort

• home education

avoid exposing this to pregnant women

PERTUSIS (WHOOPING COUGH)

how is pertussis transmitted

• respiratory secretions

• Bordetella bacteria

what are the precautions for pertussis

• droplet

• standard

s/s of pertussis

• short rapid cough followed by a “whoop sound”

• last 4-6 weeks

complications

• pneumonia

• atelectasis (partial or whole lung collapse)

• otitis media

• seizures

• hemorrhage

• weight loss

• dehydration

nursing considerations

• treat with azithromycin

• suction and nebulize

• hydration

• monitor for airway obstruction