Biology 30 Hormone Quiz

Melatonin

Gland: Pineal

Target: Thalamus

Function: Makes you drowsy

TSH Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

Gland: APG

Target: Thyroid

-Releases thyroxin

-HYPOsecretion: decreased thyroxin levels

-HYPERsecretion: over production of thyroxin and calcitonin

ACTH Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

Gland: APG

Target: Adrenal cortex

-Releases stress response hormones

-HYPOsecretion: inability to deal with stress

-HYPERsecretion: increase in blood glucose levels

hG Human Growth Hormone

Gland: APG

Target: Most body cells

-Body growth and daily repair at organs and tissues

-HYPOsecretion: dwarfism

-HYPERsecretion: bones widen and thicken

FSH Follicle Stimulating Hormone

Gland: APG

Target: Ovaries and testes

-Male development of sperm, female development of follicles in ovary

-HYPOsecretion: reduced estrogen, stunted sexual and sperm development

-HYPERsecretion: follicles that develop increase (result in cysts)

LH Luteinizing Hormone

Gland: APG

Target: Ovaries and testes

-Male production of testosterone, female ovulation and production of estrogen

-HYPOsecretion: underdeveloped sex organs

-HYPERsecretion: early development

MSH Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone

Gland: APG

Target: Most body cells

Function: Pigment production

PRL Prolactin

Gland: APG

Target: Mammary gland

-Milk production

-HYPOsecretion: reduced milk production

-HYPERsecretion: excessive milk production

O Oxytocin

Gland: PPG

Target: Mammary gland and uterus

-Milk release, cramps, and labour

-HYPOsecretion: delayed labour, limited amounts of milk

-HYPERsecretion: early labour, milk spurts out easily (overproduction)

ADH Antidiuretic Hormone

Gland: PPG

Target: Kidney

-Stops water loss, reabsorbs water into blood

-HYPOsecretion: large amounts of urine (urine diluted/light in color), causes thirst and dehydration

-HYPERsecretion: small amounts of urine (urine concentrated/dark in color), causes bloating and swelling

Pineal Gland Hormones

Melatonin

Anterior Pituitary Gland Hormones

hG Human Growth Hormone

FSH Follicle Stimulating Hormone

TSH Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

LH Luteinizing Hormone

ACTH Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

PRL Prolactin

MSH Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone

Posterior Pituitary Gland Hormones

O Oxytocin

ADH Antidiuretic Hormone

Hypothalamus Hormones

GnRH Gonadotropic releasing hormone

Hypothalamus gland

-produces releasing hormones that control hormones from APG

-produces ADH and oxytocin in the PPG

Pituitary gland

-controlled by hypothalamus

-at base of brain, size of a pea

-two lobes: anterior and posterior

Anterior lobe (front)

-produces and secretes hormones

-regulated by hypothalamus by releasing hormones

Posterior lobe (back)

-stores and secretes hormones produced by hypothalamus

-secretion stimulated by nerves

Positive feedback loop

-enhances hormone to be synthesized until desire effect is achieved (ex: furnace in home turning off after reaching perf. temp)

Negative feedback loop

-switches off hormone synthesis to maintain homeostasis (ex: furnace still heating after reaching perf. temp)

Hormones

-chemical messengers produced by endo. system glands

-secreted into bloodstream

-travel via circulatory system to target cells

-not all affect all cells

-levels always changing

Target cells

what a hormone has an effect on

Endocrine system

-helps control body responses

-glands are scattered throughout the body (connected by bloodstream)

-glands release hormones

Thyroid gland

-base of neck

-produces thyroxin and calcitonin

Thyroxin

Gland: Thyroid

Target: most body cells

-increases rate of metabolism

-HYPOsecretion: low metabolic rate, weight gain, cold/slow pulse

(cretinism (kids): stunted growth, mental delay + myxdema (adults): weight gain, hair loss, dry skin)

-HYPERsecretion: high metabolic rate, increased heart rate, weight loss, hot

Calcitonin

Gland: Thyroid

Target: bones

-moves calcium into bones from blood

-lowers calcium level in blood

-HYPOsecretion: excess calcium in blood; less in bones, weaker bone structure

-HYPERsecretion: low blood calcium

Negative feedback loop (thyroxine)

-levels too high = hypothalamus stops sending TRH to APG (stops stimulation of thyroid gland and the production of thyroxine)

-levels too low = hypothalamus sends more TRH to APG (produces more TSH > stimulates thyroid gland > produces more thyroxine)

Parathyroid gland

-4 at surface of thyroid

-releases PTH

PTH Parathyroid Hormone

Gland: PT

Target: blood and bones

-moves calcium from bones into blood

-raises calcium level in blood

-HYPOsecretion: low calcium levels (stunt growth, cramps)

-HYPERsecretion: high calcium levels in blood/urine

Pancreas

-secretes 2 hormones (insulin and glucagon)

-remember PIG acronym

Glycogen

-storage of excess sugar

-in liver and muscles

Glucagon

Target: liver

-hormone released by pancreas

-raises blood glucose levels by converting glycogen to glucose

-HYPOsecretion: hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)

-HYPERsecretion: hyperglycemia (high blood sugar)

Insulin

Target: body cells & liver

-lowers blood glucose levels

-causes liver and muscles to convert glucose to glycogen

-causes body cells to absorb more sugar for metabolism

-HYPOsecretion: diabetes mellitus (sugar) or hyperglycemia

-HYPERsecretion: hypoglycemia

Adrenal glands

-on top of kidneys

-two parts: cortex and medulla

Medulla

Target: body cells

Gland: adrenal (middle)

-produces 2 hormones (epinephrine/norepinephrine)

-increases heart rate, relaxes bronchi, dilates pupils and blood vessels, converts glycogen to glucose, increases cell metabolism

-HYPOsecretion: inability to deal with stress well

-HYPERsecretion: nervousness, high blood pressure, sweating, fast pulse

Cortex

Gland: adrenal (outer)

-produces 3 hormones (cortisol, aldosterone, sex)

-released when ACTH stimulates this

Cortisol

Target: body cells

Gland: adrenal

-released during times of prolonged stress

-increases amount of amino acids in blood to convert into glucose, fats broken down to fatty acids (energy)

-HYPOsecretion: difficulty dealing with stress

-HYPERsecretion: illness as result of suppressed immune system

Epinephrine and Norepinephrine

-adrenaline and noradrenaline

-controlled by hypothalamus and sympathetic nervous system

-prepares body to meet some emergency

Aldosterone

-trigger is low blood volume/pressure (kidneys send message via chemicals to AC > releases aldo > kidneys reabsorb Na+ > water is reabsorbed > blood vol/pressure goes up)

-increases sodium retention and water reabsorption by kidneys to maintain body fluid levels

-HYPOsecretion: decrease in blood pressure

-HYPERsecretion: increase in blood pressure

Androgen

Target: body cells

Gland: adrenal

-development of male secondary sex characteristics

-HYPOsecretion: no big change in males, decreased sex drive in females

-HYPERsecretion: masculinization of females (beards/lower voices)

GnRH Gonadotropic releasing hormone

Target: pituitary gland

Gland: hypothalamus

-causes release of FSH and LH from anterior pituitary starting at puberty

-HYPOsecretion: insufficient production of FSH and LH, late onset of puberty

-HYPERsecretion: overproduction of FSH and LH, early onset of puberty

Testes

Target: body cells

Gland: Gonads

-interstitial cells produce testosteroe

-onset of sperm production and enlargement of penis, testes, and prostate

-HYPOsecretion: shrinkage of testis and growth of breasts

-HYPERsecretion: aggression

Ovaries

-produce 2 hormones (estrogen and progesterone)

Estrogen

Target: uterine lining and body cells

Gland: gonads (ovaries)

-buildup of uterine lining (period in women), develops/maintains secondary sex characteristics

-HYPOsecretion: underdevelopment of endometrium (uterus lining: lighter period flow)

-HYPERsecretion: overdevelopment of endometrium (heavier period flow)

Progesterone

Target: uterine lining

Gland: gonads (ovaries)

-promotes growth of uterine lining for implantation, slows uterine contractions (tightening/relaxing)

-HYPOsecretion: underdevelopment of endometrium and uterine contractions

-HYPERsecretion: overdevelopment of endometrium and the slowing of uterine contractions